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RADT 132 - Positioning 2 > Fluoroscopy > Flashcards

Fluoroscopy Flashcards

1
Q

“snapshot imaging” acquiring a single image of a particular structure

A

Static imaging

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2
Q

“live” radiography - allows for observation of movement

A

Dynamic imaging

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3
Q

Synonymous with Optimization for Radiation Protection (ORP)

A

ALARA

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4
Q

Three cardinal principles of radiation protection

A

Time, distance, shielding

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5
Q

The tract from the mouth to the anus which food passes and is processed within the body

A

Alimentary canal

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6
Q

Mid region of the abdomen

A

umbilical region

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7
Q

Upper mid region of the abdomen

A

epigastric region

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8
Q

Lower mid region of the abdomen

A

Hypogastric region

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9
Q

Lower bilateral regions of the abdomen

A

right/left iliac regions

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10
Q

Upper bilateral regions of the abdomen

A

right/left hypochondriac regions

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11
Q

Created in the liver and travels through the hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct and then into the cystic duct and is finally stored in the gallbladder

A

Bile

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12
Q

Bile mixes with pancreatic enzymes from the main pancreatic duct in the _______ and is released into the proximal duodenum through the ______

A

Ampulla of Vater; Sphincter of Odi

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13
Q

Contrast agents _____ the absorption of x-rays as they pass through the body

A

increase

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14
Q

Contrast agents affect _______ so we can see the tissues of interest better and apart from surrounding tissues

A

Differential absorption

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15
Q

The difference in how different materials absorb the X-rays in the beam produces the contrast that generates the detail of the image.

A

Differential absorption

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16
Q

For a typical medical diagnostic image, the X-ray interaction with matter is primarily through the ______ and ______

A

Photoelectric Effect; Compton Scattering

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17
Q

A drug used to slow stomach motility and constrict the gallbladder to increase bile flow

A

Glucagon

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18
Q

Radiopaque contrast media used to help diagnose problems in the alimentary tract

A

Barium sulfate

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19
Q

mixture of very small particles distributed evenly throughout the water

A

Colloidal suspension

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20
Q

Barium and iodinated compounds are considered ____ contrast agents

A

positive

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21
Q

Air is considered a _____ contrast agent

A

negative

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22
Q

Radiographic examination specifically of the pharynx and esophagus is termed:

A

esophagogram, or barium swallow

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23
Q

procedure designed to study the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in one examination

A

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)

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24
Q

Same procedure as the UGI, however, the exam continues until the contrast agent reaches the Ileocecal juncture at which time the radiologist may wish to take some spot images using a balloon paddle

A

Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGI) with Small Bowel Follow Through

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25
Q

Esophagography Routine images

A

PA/AP, RAO/LPO, Lateral

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26
Q

Esophagram CR entrance

A

Perpendicular to IR at T-6 (2-3” below jugular notch)

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27
Q

Obliquity RAO/LPO for esophagram

A

35 - 40 degrees

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28
Q

If the esophagus is over the vertebral column, ___ rotation is needed.

A

More

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29
Q

If the esophagus is over the heart, ____ rotation is needed

A

Less

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30
Q

______ contrast should be used if a perforation is suspected or if there is concern for surgery for an esophagram

A

water soluble

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31
Q

A ___ image may be taken to better demonstrate the upper esophagus without superimposition of the arms and shoulders

A

Twinning (Swimmers)

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32
Q

Expose on [inspiration/expiration] for AP/PA esophagram

A

expiration

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33
Q

patient is asked to take in a deep breath and then bear down is if trying to move their bowels while holding their breath

A

Valsalva maneuver

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34
Q

patient exhales and then tries to inhale against a closed glottis

A

Mueller maneuver

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35
Q

while supine, the patient drinks water through a straw. A positive test is indicated when barium/water refluxes back into the esophagus

A

Water test

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36
Q

A paddle is placed beneath a prone patient and then inflated as needed to provide pressure

A

Compression technique

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37
Q

while performing fluoroscopy, the cardiac orifice is monitored while the patient bends over and touches their toes

A

toe-touch maneuver

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38
Q

Routine images for upper GI series

A

PA/AP, RAO/LPO, right lateral

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39
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on upper GI series

A

distal esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum

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40
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for RAO upper GI series: sthenic body type

A

45-55 degrees at L1

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41
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for RAO upper GI series: Asthenic body type

A

40 degrees 2’ below L1

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42
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for RAO upper GI series: hypersthenic body type

A

70 degrees 2” above L1

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43
Q

CR entrance for PA upper GI series: sthenic body type

A

L1 1” left of the vertebral column

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44
Q

CR entrance for PA upper GI series: asthenic body type

A

2” below L1

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45
Q

CR entrance for PA upper GI series: hypersthenic body type

A

2” above L1 and more midline

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46
Q

CR entrance for right lateral upper GI series: sthenic body type

A

L1 at the lower lateral rib margin and 1” to 1.5” anterior tot the MCP

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47
Q

CR entrance for right lateral upper GI series: asthenic body type

A

2” above L1

48
Q

CR entrance for right lateral upper GI series: hypersthenic body type

A

2” below L1

49
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for LPO upper GI series: asthenic body type

A

30 degrees 2” below L1 and more midline

50
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for LPO upper GI series: sthenic body type

A

45 degrees level of L1

51
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for LPO upper GI series: hypersthenic body type

A

60 degrees 2” above L1

52
Q

CR entrance for AP upper GI series: sthenic body type

A

L1 between midline and left lateral margin of abdomen

53
Q

CR entrance for AP upper GI series: asthenic body type

A

2” below L1 and more midline

54
Q

CR entrance for AP upper GI series: hypersthenic body type

A

2” above L1

55
Q

Routine images for small bowel series/follow through

A

AP or PA

56
Q

Images are then taken every ___ for the first hour and shown to the radiologist for a small bowel series

A

15 to 20 minutes

57
Q

The CR should enter midline of the patient and ______ for the first hour, and then _____ after the first hour

A

2” above the iliac crest; at the iliac crest

58
Q

On a barium enema, the air shows up as ____ on a radiograph

A

black

59
Q

On a barium enema, the barium shows up as ____ on a radiograph

A

white

60
Q

When the patient is prone, the ______ fills with barium

A

transverse colon

61
Q

CR entrance for barium enema

A

level of iliac crest

62
Q

Suspend respiration and expose on ____ for barium enema

A

expiration

63
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for RAO barium enema

A

35-45 degrees at the level of the iliac crest, 1” to the left of the MSP

64
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for LAO barium enema

A

35-45 degrees at the level 1”-2” above the iliac crest and 1” to the right of the MSP

65
Q

The ____ is open without superimposition and the descending colon is well visualized on LAO barium enema

A

left colic flexure

66
Q

Obliquity and CR entrance for LPO/RPO barium enema

A

35-45 degrees at iliac crest 1” to the elevated side

67
Q

For the LPO, the ____ are open without superimposition

A

right colic flexure, the ascending colon, and the sigmoid colon

68
Q

For the RPO, the ____ is open without superimposition and the descending colon is well visualized

A

left colic flexure

69
Q

CR entrance for lateral rectum barium enema

A

level of the anterior ASIS and MCP

70
Q

CR entrance for barium enema - post evacuation

A

iliac crest at MSP

71
Q

CR entrance for AP axial barium enema

A

30 - 40 degrees cephalad, 2” below the ASIS

72
Q

CR entrance for decubitus barium enema

A

level of ASIS

73
Q

Which portion of the small bowel is characterized by a feathery appearance?

A

Jejunum

74
Q

Which aspect of the stomach is most posterior?

A

Fundus

75
Q

Types of digestive movement characteristic of the large intestine include:

A

Peristalsis, haustral, churning

76
Q

The widest portion of the large intestine is the:

A

Cecum

77
Q

The three bands of longitudinal muscle that cause pouch-like appearance of the large intestine are termed:

A

Taenia coli

78
Q

The shortest segment of the small intestine is the:

A

duodenum

79
Q

The junction between the esophagus and stomach is termed:

A

Esophagogastric junction

80
Q

The correct order of the segments of the colon, beginning with the cecum, is:

A

Ascending, hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid

81
Q

The correct order for the distal part of the stomach is pyloric:

A

Antrum, canal, orifice

82
Q

The body of the stomach is between the:

A

Cardiac notch; incisura angularis

83
Q

In which abdominal quadrant is the duodenum located?

A

Right upper

84
Q

How many segments make up the duodenum?

A

4

85
Q

Outer layer of the seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

86
Q

The distal portion of the stomach is called the:

A

Pyloris

87
Q

Which structure creates an indentation along the margin of the mid-esophagus?

A

Aortic arch

88
Q

Where is the angular notch located?

A

Distal stomach on the lesser curvature

89
Q

In which body type are the large intestines located higher and more toward the lateral aspects of the body?

A

Hypersthenic

90
Q

The esophagus terminates at the level of:

A

T11

91
Q

The longitudinal gastric folds of the stomach are termed:

A

Rugae

92
Q

The coordinated, rhythmic, serial contraction of smooth muscle that forces food through the digestive tract defines:

A

Peristalsis

93
Q

T/F: If a retention-type enema tip is used, it should be removed after fluoroscopy is completed and before x-ray projections are taken to better visualize the rectal region.

A

False

94
Q

Negative contrasts are [radiopaque/radiolucent]

A

Radiolucent

95
Q

[x] is the most common type of positive-contrast medium used for studies of the GI system.

A

Barium sulfate

96
Q

When positioning the tube for an axial image of the sigmoid colon, the CR is angled [x].

A

30 to 40 degrees

97
Q

When taking a RPO image during a barium enema, if the left colic (splenic) flexure is not on the image the CR might have to be centered [x]

A

higher

98
Q

When positioning the LPO for a Barium Enema, the CR enters 1 inch lateral to the [x] side of MSP.

A

elevated

99
Q

The distinctive appearance of the large intestine anatomy are pouches called [x]

A

Haustrum

100
Q

The RAO of the stomach projection / position in a double contrast UGI (done after fluoroscopy as an after film with the radiographic tube) will demonstrate the fundus filled with [x]

A

Barium

101
Q

The LPO of the stomach projection / position in a double contrast UGI (done after fluoroscopy as an after film with the radiographic tube) will demonstrate the body of the stomach filled with [x]

A

Air

102
Q

One part barium sulfate to one part water would be a [x] consistency barium

A

Thin

103
Q

In the large intestine, during an air contrast barium enema, when the patient is prone, barium fills the [x] colon

A

Transverse

104
Q

In the large intestine, during an air contrast barium enema, when a person is supine, air rises to fill structures that are most [x]

A

Anterior

105
Q

Barium sulfate [dissolves/does not dissolve] in water

A

does not dissolve

106
Q

A contrast agent that is classified as radiolucent will produce [light/dark] areas on the image

A

dark

107
Q

How long, at a minimum, must the patient be NPO prior to an upper GI series?

A

8 hours

108
Q

How many segments make up the duodenum?

A

Four

109
Q

In which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect with the large intestine?

A

RLQ

110
Q

The initial insertion of the rectal enema tip should be pointed toward the:

A

Umbilicus

111
Q

The shortest segment of the small intestine is the:

A

Duodenum

112
Q

If the patient is in the prone position, what portion of the stomach will appear radiopaque if a double contrast study was performed?

A

Body

113
Q

What contraindication(s) exist in the use of barium sulfate?

A

Suspected perforation

114
Q

Where is the esophagus demonstrated on a properly positioned PA oblique projection of the esophagus when the patient is positioned in a 35- to 40-degree RAO position?

A

Between the heart and vertebral column

115
Q

At the end of an esophagram or UGI study, the performing provider may check for reflux by taking images after having the patient ingest some _________

A

Water

116
Q

In this pathology of the colon, one section of colon “slides” over another section of colon

A

intussusception

RADT 132 - Positioning 2 (6 decks)

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