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ms 1 - 2nd shift > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

the vertebra consists of ____ vertebra divided into ____ regions

A

33 vertebra; 5 regions

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2
Q

____ cervical vertebrae
____ thoracic vertebrae
____ lumbar vertebrae
____ fused sacral vertebrae
____ fused coccygeal vertebrae

A

7 cv
12 tv
5 lv
5 fused sv
4 fused cv

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3
Q

the adult vertebra presents _____ anteroposterior curvatures

A

four

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4
Q

discuss kyphotic curve

A

found in thoracic and sacral; concave anteriorly

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5
Q

discuss primary curve

A

thoracic and sacral curvatures; appear during embryonic period proper

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6
Q

discuss lordotic curve

A

found in cervical and lumbar; concave posteriorly

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7
Q

discuss secondary curve

A

appear later (although before birth); accentuated in infancy by support of the head and adoption of upright posture

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8
Q

slight kyphotic angle of thoracic vertebra, ranges from

A

20 deg - 45 deg (ave 35 deg); >45 deg is hyperkyphosis

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9
Q

lumbar lordosis, ranges from

A

40 deg - 80 deg (mean, 60 deg); decreases w age

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10
Q

60 - 70% of lumbar lordosis occurs at (vertebra level)

A

L4 to S1

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11
Q

“round back”; anteroposterior curvature of the spine w convexity posteriorly; normal in thoracic and sacral level

A

kyphosis

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12
Q

give the causes of adult kyphosis

A
  • faulty posture
  • degeneration of iv discs (senile kyphosis)
  • atrophy of muscles
  • collapse of vertebral bodies (menopausal and senile osteoporosis)
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13
Q

pathalogic causes of adult kyphosis

A
  • chronic arthritis
  • osteitis deformans
  • polio
  • fracture
  • TB
  • metastatic tumor
  • plasma cell myoloma
  • myelomeningocele
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14
Q

clinical features of adult kyphosis

A
  • deformity of kyphosis w or w/o pain; weakness of back and fatique
  • (+) tenderness is recent compression fracture in senile osteoporosis
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15
Q

treatment

A
  • maintain to correct posture
  • use of light spinal brace or corset
  • exercises to strengthen muscle of the back and abdomen
  • rest of fracture board and sponge rubber mattress
  • treat underlying disease
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16
Q

characteristics of dowager’s hump

A
  • severely kyphotic upper posterior (dorsal) region
  • results from multiple anterior wedge compression fractures of several vertebra of middle to upper thoracic spine
  • caused by post menopausal osteoporosis or long term corticosteroid therapy
  • more than 1 vertebra affected
  • curve is more rounded
17
Q

characteristics of hump back

A
  • deformity is localized, sharp, posterior angulation called GIBBUS
  • anterior wedging of one of the two thoracic vertebra as result of infection (tb), fracture, congenital bony anomaly of spine
  • only one vertebra is affected
  • curve is more angulated
18
Q

defined as structural sagittal plane deformity in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine

also called adolescent kyphosis, juvenile kyphosis, vertebral epiphysitis

common in male; 12 - 16 yrs old

A

scheuermann’s kyphosis

19
Q

criteria for scheuemann’s kyphosis

A
  • thoracic kyphosis > 45 deg
  • wedging > 5 deg of three adjacent vertebrae
  • for thoracolumbar: > 30 deg
20
Q

clinical diagnosis of scheuermann’s kyphosis

A
  • common in males; predilection; hereditary
  • symptoms begin bet ages 12-16
  • ## first subject complaint is fatigue and pain in the back but many are non symptomatic
21
Q

causes of scheuermann’s kyphosis

A

growth disturbance of the vertebra epiphyses usually dure to vascular disturbance

in xray: end plate abnormality; three or more vertebral bodies are wedged on anterior aspect seen on lat radigraphs

22
Q

management of scheuermann’s kyphosis (discuss criteria for each management)

A
  • PT and obsevration if curve is < 50 deg with no evidence of progression
  • bracing if curves are 50-70 deg in skeletally immature person; milwaukee brace x 1-2 years
  • surgery: failure of brace, significant symptoms as back pain, curves > 70 deg w pain, posterior spinal arthrodesis and use of harrington compression rod; for severe deformity combined ant and post spinal fusion
23
Q

also known as eosinophilic granuloma or calve’s disease; uncommon, affects children 2-12 yrs old

A

vertebra plana

24
Q

discuss pathology of vertebra plana

A

vertebral lesion is a pathologic fracture caused by benign destructive process usually and eosinophilic granuloma

25
Q

clinical of vertebra plana

A
  • pain, fatigue, and mild angular kyphosis
  • muscle spasm and tenderness
  • occasionally, spinal cord or nerve root compression
26
Q

radiographical of vertebra plana

A
  • affected vertebral body is eroded or fragmented
  • uniformly flattened or wedge shape
  • child may regain considerable height as growth progresses
27
Q

management of vertebral plana

A
  • rest in recumbent position
  • brace or planter jacket
28
Q

dowager’s hump vs hump back

A

dowagers
- more than 1 vertebra is affected (2-3)
- curve is more rounded

hump back
- only one vertebra affected
- curve is more angulated

29
Q

scheuermann’s vs vertebra plana

A

scheuermann’s
- more common in male
- occurs in older children, 12-16
- cause is epiphysis

vertebra plana
- nor gender specific
- occurs in younger children, 2-12 yrs old
- cause is eosinophilic granuloma

ms 1 - 2nd shift (13 decks)

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