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Anatomy > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are pedicles of the vertebra?

A

join the vertebral body to the transverse processes

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2
Q

What does the spinal cord run through?

A

vertebral foramen

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3
Q

What is the laminae of the vertebra?

A

connects the transverse and spinous processes

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4
Q

What is the vertebral (neural) arch?

A

posterior vertebral region formed by the pedicles and laminae

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5
Q

Where do the transverse processes of the vertebra arise from?

A

vertebral arch

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6
Q

What are the superior and inferior articulating processes facets?

A

bony projections that form synovial zygapophyseal facet joints with vertebra above and below

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7
Q

What are the zygapophyseal joints?

A

synovial joints between the superior and inferior articulating process facets

enables vertebral extension and flexion; limits rotation

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8
Q

What is the intervertebral (neuro) foramina?

A

bilateral foramina that form the hole between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae for the passage of spinal nerves

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9
Q

What are the 6 vertebral column ligaments?

A
  • anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
  • posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • supraspinous ligament
  • interspinous ligament
  • ligamentum flavum
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10
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal liagment (ALL)?

A

runs longitudinally along anterior surface of vertebral bodies

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11
Q

What is the purpose/function of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)?

A

limits vertebral extension
maintains stability of intervertebral discs

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12
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)?

A

runs longitudinally down the posterior surface of vertebral bodies w/in the vertebral canal

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13
Q

What is the purpose/function of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)?

A

posteriorly supports intervertebral discs = prevents intervertebral hernias

limits vertebral flexion

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14
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A

connects the apices of spinous processes

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15
Q

What is the purpose/function of the supraspinous ligament?

A

limits vertebral flexion

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16
Q

What is the ligamentum nuchae?

A

runs from external occipital protuberance to C7 spinous process

17
Q

What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?

A
  • prevents cervical hyperflexion
  • attachment site for trapezius m. and rhomboid minor m.
18
Q

What is the purpose/function of the interspinous ligament?

A
  • connects adjoining spinous processes
  • limits flexion
19
Q

What is the purpose/function of the ligamentum flavum?

A
  • connects paired laminae of adjacent vertebrae
  • limits vertebral flexion
  • preserves curvature of column
  • prevents injury to intervertebral discs
20
Q

What are rootlets of spinal nerves?

A

a group/collection of fibers that are carried away or toward the spinal cord

21
Q

What is the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve?

A

transport SENSORY nerve fibers from skin

22
Q

What is “ramus” in nervous system anatomy?

A

branch or division of a nerve

23
Q

What is dorsal ramus branch of the spinal nerve?

A

innervates the posterior (back) part of the body, including skin and back muscles

24
Q

What is ventral ramus branch of the spinal nerve?

A

innervates the anterior (front) part of the body

  • gives rise to various nerve plexuses that distribute nerves to different parts of the body.
25
Q

What are the 3 layers of the spinal cord and description.

A

Dura mater = outer-most layer – defines epidural and subdural spaces

Arachnoid mater = spiderweb-like layer (middle layer) –> subarachnoid space = CSF –> Pia mater

Pia mater = innermost layer, cannot peel off = adheres to spinal cord/brain

26
Q

What are the 2 spinal cord enlargements? Why are they “enlarged”?

A

Cervical = C4 - T1 –> supplies upper limb
Lumbar = L2 - S3 –> supplies lower limb

enlargements contain increased amount of neural tissue

27
Q

What is the conus medularis?

A

terminal end of spinal cord starting at L1/L2

28
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

“horse’s tail” = bundle of nerve roots that extend at the end of conus medularis

29
Q

What is filum terminale?

A

inferior extension of pia mater beyond conus medularis = anchors spinal cord to coccyx

30
Q

What is the difference in dura mater between that of the spinal cord and of the brain?

A

brain = 2 layers (periosteal and meningeal) = thicker
spinal cord = 1 layer

31
Q
A

Anatomy (9 decks)

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