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Anatomy > Head and Skull > Flashcards

Head and Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 cranial bones?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

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2
Q

What are the 5 facial bones?

A

nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible

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3
Q

What is the glabella?

A

smooth area between eyebrows and above nose

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4
Q

What is the supercilliary arch?

A

bony ridge above eye sockets

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5
Q

What is the superior and inferior orbital fissure for?

A

opening in sphenoid bone for blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

What and where is the infraorbital foramen?

A

opening below eye socket

for blood vessels and nerves

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7
Q

What is the vomer?

A

bone that forms the nasal septum

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8
Q

What is the perpendicular plate?

A

vertical portion of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the nasal septum

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9
Q

What is the incisive foramen?

A

opening in maxilla behind incisor teeth

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10
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

bony arch formed by zygomatic and temporal bones

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11
Q

What is the 8 parts of the mandible?

A

ramus, condyle, coronoid process, body, mental foramen, mandibular foramen, mandibular fossa, mandibular notch

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12
Q

What is a fossa?

A

shallow depression on bone surface

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13
Q

What is the mandibular notch?

A

concave area between the mandibular condyle and mandibular coronoid process

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14
Q

What is the mandibular ramus?

A

vertical portion of the mandible

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15
Q

What is the mandibular condyle?

A

rounded projection at superior end of mandible

articulates with temporal bone

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16
Q

What is the mandibular fossa?

A

depression in temporal bone = site of articulation with mandible

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17
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

triangular projection on the anterior superior part of mandible

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18
Q

What is the body of the mandible?

A

inferior horizontal part of mandible

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19
Q

What is the mental foramen?

A

opening on lateral side of mandible body

blood vessels and nerves

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20
Q

What is the mandibular foramen?

A

opening on medial surface between mandibular condyle and coronoid process

blood vessels and nerves

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21
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint?

A

joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone

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22
Q

What is the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

A

fibrous structure separating the joint into 2 parts

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23
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus?

A

opening in temporal bone for ear canal

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24
Q

What is the mastoid process?

A

rounded projection on temporal bone behind ear

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25
Q

What is the styloid process?

A

pointed projection on temporal bone

(sharp-tooth lookin thing)

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26
Q

What is the stylomastoid foramen?

A

opening between styloid process and mastoid process

for nerves

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27
Q

What is the (foramen) ovale?

A

opening on sphenoid bone for nerves

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28
Q

What is the external occipital protuberance?

A

bump projection on back of skull

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29
Q

What is the occipital condyle?

A

rounded projections on occipital bone = articulates with atlas

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30
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis muscle and its action?

A

Frontal belly = elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin, protracts scalp

Occipital belly = retracts scalp, increases effectiveness of frontal belly

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31
Q

What is orbicularis oculi? Action?

A

close eyelids:
- orbital part = tightly/forcibly closes eyelids
- palpable part (on eyelid) = blinking = gently closing eyelids

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32
Q

What is corrugated supercilli?

A

draws eyebrows medially downward

makes vertical wrinkles of skin between eyebrows

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33
Q

What is the nasalis muscle? Action?

A

draws ala of nose towards nasal septum = compresses nostrils, alar part opens nostrils

flares nostrils

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34
Q

What is orbicularis oris?

A

oral sphincter

tonus closes mouth
- phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing)
- resists distension (when blowing)

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35
Q

What is levator labii superioris?

A

elevates or evert upper lip

deepens nasolabial sulcus = sad face

dilates nares

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36
Q

What is levator labii aleque nasi?

A

elevates upper lip

dilates nostrils

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37
Q

What is procerus?

A

(at glabella)

wrinkles nosebridge

draws eyebrows medially downward

makes transverse wrinkles over nosebridge

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38
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus minor?

A

elevate or everts upper lip

deepen nasolabial sulcus = sad face

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39
Q

What is the action of zygomaticus major?

A

draws angle of mouth backwards and upward

smiles = elevates labial comissure bilaterally

sneer = elevates labial comissure unilaterally

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40
Q

What are the 7 dilator muscles of the mouth?

A

levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris

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41
Q

What is the buccinator?

A

cheek muscle

compresses cheeks against molar teeth

aids in mastication

resists distension when blowing

42
Q

What is the levator anguli oris?

A

grining or grimacing faces

widens oral fissure

43
Q

What is the risorius?

A

frown = depresses labial commissure bilaterally

retracts corners of mouth

44
Q

What is the depressor anguli oris?

A

depresses angle of mouth

45
Q

What is the depressor labii inferioris?

A

lateral downward depresses or everts lower lip = pouting

46
Q

What is the mentalis?

A

elevates and protrudes lower lip

elevates skin of chin

47
Q

What nerve is responsible for facial expressions?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

48
Q

What nerve is responsible for SENSATIONS of the face?

A

trigenminal nerve (CN V)

49
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to ear and surrounding area?

A

greater auricular nerve

50
Q

What is the origin and distribution of the greater auricle nerve?

A

origin = C2 and C3 spinal nerves via cervical plexus

Distribution = skin over mandible and inferior lobe of auricle; parotid sheath

51
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the back of the scalp?

A

lesser occipital nerve

52
Q

What is the origin and distribution of the lesser occipital nerve?

A

origin = C2 and C3 spinal nerves via cervical plexus

distribution = scalp posterior to auricle

53
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the back of the head and neck?

A

greater occipital nerve

54
Q

What is the origin and distribution of the greater occipital nerve?

A

origin = medial branch posterior ramus of C2

distribution = scalp of occipital region

55
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the entire face?

A

facial artery

56
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A

branched from common carotid

(Inferior to Superior):
Super Thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Some Angry Ladies Figured Out Postmenopausal Symptoms

57
Q

What is the action of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

elevates upper eyelid

58
Q

What is the superior oblique eye muscle? Action & innervation

A

ABducts, Depresses, and Medially Rotates eyeball

Nerve = Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

59
Q

What is the inferior oblique eye muscle? Action & innervation

A

ABducts, Elevates, Laterally Rotates eyeball

Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

60
Q

What is the superior rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation

A

Elevates, ADducts, Medially Rotates eyeball

Nerve = Oculomotor (CN III)

61
Q

What is the inferior rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation

A

Depresses, ADducts, Laterally Rotates eyeball

Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

62
Q

What is the medial rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation

A

ADducts eyeball

Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

63
Q

What is the lateral rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation

A

ABducts eyeball

Nerve = ABducens nerve (CN VI)

64
Q

What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct

65
Q

What is the sclera?

A

tough white outer layer of eyeball

66
Q

What is the choroid?

A

vascular layer between sclera and retina

67
Q

What is the cilliary body?

A

controls lens shape

makes aqueous humor

68
Q

What is the iris?

A

controls pupil size

(colored part of eye)

69
Q

What is the pupil?

A

allows light to enter eye

opening at center of iris (dark dot)

70
Q

What is the retina?

A

innermost layer of eye, has photoreceptor cells

71
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

blind spot

where optic nerve exits eyeball

72
Q

What is the cornea?

A

transparent layer at front of eye covering iris and pupil

73
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

clear fluid between cornea and lens

74
Q

What is the lens?

A

focuses light onto retina

transparent structure behind iris

75
Q

What is vitreous humor?

A

gel-like substance in eyeball between retina and lens

76
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A

temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

77
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) and insertion (distal attachment) of the temporalis muscle?

A

Origin: Temporal Fossa (floor) and Fascia (deep surface)

Insertion: Coronoid process (medial surface) and mandibular Ramus (anterior border)

78
Q

What innervates the temporalis?

A

Trigeminal 3 (CN V3) –> temporal branches –> anterior trunk mandibular nerve

79
Q

What is the action of the temporalis?

A

elevates mandible = closes jaws
retracts mandible 1º

80
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) and insertion (distal attachment) of the masseter?

A

Origin:
- zygomatic arch (medial surface and inferior border)
- maxillary process (zygomatic bone, medial surface)

Insertion: Mandibular Ramus (lateral surface of angle)

81
Q

What innervates the masseter muscle?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V3) = mandibular branch

82
Q

What is the action of the masseter muscle?

A

elevates mandible = closes jaw
1º protrusion of mandible (superficial fibers)

83
Q

What innervates the lateral and medial pterygoids?

A

anterior trunk mandibular nerve trigeminal 3 (CN V3)

84
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Bilaterally =
- protracts mandible
- depresses chin

Unilaterally =
- swings jaw toward contralateral side

85
Q

Which extrinsic muscles of the tongue is innervated by the hyoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus

86
Q

Which extrinsic muscles of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

A

palatoglossus

via Pharyngeal plexus

87
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Depresses and Retracts tongue

88
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus muscle?

A

Depresses and Protrudes tongue

89
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?

A

Elevates and Retracts tongue

aids in swallowing

90
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Elevates Posterior tongue
Depresses palate

91
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the tongue?

A

lingual artery

92
Q

Where can you find the lingual nerve?

A

superficial to the medial pterygoid

93
Q

What is the lingual nerve?

A

branch of mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve CN V3

provides sensory innervation to tongue

94
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

submandibular, parotid, and sublingual

95
Q

Where is the submandibular gland?

A

located under mandible

96
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

near the ear

97
Q

Where is the sublingual gland?

A

under the tongue

98
Q

What are the 9 parts of the nasal cavity?

A
  • septal cartilage
  • vomer
  • superior conchae and meatus
  • middle conchae and meatus
  • inferior conchae and meatus
  • nasolacrimal duct
99
Q

What is the superior conchae and meatus?

A

bony structure

warms and humidifies inhaled air

100
Q

What is the middle conchae and meatus?

A

bony structure

fliters inhaled air

101
Q

What is the inferior conchae and meatus?

A

bony structure

moisturizes inhaled air

102
Q

What does a nasolacrimal duct do?

A

drains tears from eye into nasal cavity

Anatomy (9 decks)

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