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Movement Science 1 > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A

Limits end range of vertebral flexion

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2
Q

Supraspinous/Interspinous Ligaments

A

Limits Flexion

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3
Q

Intertransverse Ligament

A

Limits contralateral flexion and forward flexion

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4
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Limits extension or excessive lordosis in cervical & lumbar regions
Reinforces anterior sides of intervertebral discs

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5
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Limits flexion and reinforces posterior sides of intervertebral discs

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6
Q

Capsules of Apophyseal Joints

A

Strengthens apophyseal joints

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7
Q

C1 Facets

A

Superior= large, concave (accept condyles)
Inferior= Flat
Facet for Dens

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8
Q

C2 Facets

A

Superior= Flat
Inferior = typical cervical (face anterior & inferior) at 45 degrees (between horizontal & frontal planes)

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9
Q

C3-C6 Facets

A

Superior= face posterior & superior
Inferior= face anterior & inferior

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10
Q

Upper Lumbar Facets (L1, L2 & kinda L3)

A

Superior= nearly vertical (sagittal plane)
Inferior= reciprocal to match

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11
Q

Lower Lumbar Facets (L4, L5)

A

Superior= midway between frontal & sagittal plane
Inferior= reciprocal to match

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12
Q

L5-S1 Facet

A

Frontal Plane (for anterior/posterior stability)

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13
Q

Cervical Spine C1

A

“Atlas”
Suports the head
No rotation here

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14
Q

Cervical Spine C2

A

“Axis”
Dens for rotation (No motion)
Cruciform, Transverse & Alar Ligament

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15
Q

Cervical Spine C3-C7

A

45 degree angle at Facet Joints!!
C7 is Most Prominent

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16
Q

Thoracic Spine T1

A

Elongated spinous process

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17
Q

Thoracic Spine T2-T9

A

Posteriorly directed pedicles to reduce size of vertebral canal & larger transverse processes
Articular facets are nearly vertical

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18
Q

Thoracic Spine T10-T12

A

No articulation with transverse processes

19
Q

Lumbar Spine L1-L5

A

Wide bodies to support weight and broad spinous process
Articular facets are nearly vertical (prevent shear force)

20
Q

Sacrum

A

Transmit weight of vertebral column to pelvis

21
Q

Approximation of Joint Surfaces

A

facet surface tends to move closer to its partner facet -> usually by a compression force

ex: axial rotation between L1 & L2 typically causes an approximation of the contralateral apophyseal joint

22
Q

Separation (gapping) between joint surfaces

A

facet surface tends to move away from its partner facet -> usually by a distraction force

ex: therapeutic traction as a a method of decompression in apophyseal joints

23
Q

Sliding (gliding) between joint surfaces

A

facets translates in a linear or curvilinear direction relative to another articular facet -> caused by a force directed tangential to the joint forces

ex: flexion-extension of the mid-to-lower cervical spine

24
Q

How do Spinous & Transverse Processes affect spinal movement?

A

They act as levers to increase the mechanical advantage of muscles & ligaments

25
Q

How do Apophyseal Joints affect spinal movement?

A

They guide intervertebral motion (act like “railroad tracks”)

26
Q

How do Interbody Joints affect spinal movement?

A

They absorb shock and distribute loads. The greater the space of discs, the greater the potential movement

27
Q

Horizontal Facets effect on rotation

A

Axial Rotation can occur

28
Q

Vertical Facets effect on rotation

A

Blocks rotation

29
Q

General Kinematics - Lateral Flexion

A

Compression & Shortening on concave side
(Ipsilateral)
Tension & Lengthening on convex side
(contralateral)

30
Q

General Kinematics - Flexion

A

Anterior Structures shorten/compress
Posterior Structures lengthen/create tensile stress

31
Q

General Kinematics - Extension

A

Anterior Structures lengthen/create tensile stress
Posterior Structures shorten/compress

32
Q

General Kinematics - Rotation

A

Direction the spinous process moves with rotation

33
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint (C0-C1) Kinematics

A

Flexion/extension (10-30 degrees)
Slight lateral flexion
No Rotation

34
Q

Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) Kinematics

A

Facets in Horizontal Plane
50% of Axial Rotation!!!
Flexion/Extension
Limited to no Lateral Flexion

35
Q

Intracervical Apophyseal joints (C2-C7) Kinematics

A

Facets at 45 degrees
Flexion/Extension (~130-135 degrees)
Lateral Flexion
Rotation

36
Q

Craniocervical Movement: Protraction

A

Upper cervical extension
Lower cervical flexion

37
Q

Craniocervical Movement: Retraction

A

Upper cervical flexion
Lower cervical extension

38
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae Kinematics

A

Flexion/Extension (very limited in T1-T6 because of facet orientation)
Axial Rotation (decreases as you move caudally)
Lateral Flexion (facets would allow for unlimited motion but its reduced by rib attachments)
Coupled lateral flexion & rotation

39
Q

C7 Facet

A

Facets more similar to Thoracic

40
Q

T1 Facets

A

Full superior costal facet for 1st rib
Inferior= partial costal facet for 2nd rib

41
Q

T10-T12 Facets

A

Single full costal facet for 10th, 11th, & 12th ribs
None with Transverse Processes

41
Q

T2-T9 facets

A

Costal Facet= nearly 90 degrees
Articular Facets= nearly vertical (almost Frontal Plane)
meaning it blocks rotation

41
Q

Rib Arthrokinematics

A

Upper Ribs (1-6) are primarily Sagittal Plane -> so inhalation is anterior/superior movement & exhalation is posterior/inferior movement

Lower Ribs (7-12) are primarily Frontal Plane -> so during inhalation ribs move lateral & superior
& exhalation is medial & inferior

42
Q

Interbody Joints

A

(two vertebrae + disc)
Nucleus Pulposus = Shock absorber (type 2 collagen) & proteoglycans
Annulus Fibrosis = concentric rings of collagen fibers

Movement Science 1 (8 decks)

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