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Movement Science 1 > Final Exam Red Stars > Flashcards

Final Exam Red Stars Flashcards

1
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint’s Arthrology

A

Convex Femoral Condyles
Concave Tibial Condyles
Relies on soft tissue to stabilize in frontal & transverse plane movements

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2
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament limits:

A

Excessive extension and excessive external rotation
(Some people “stand on it”)

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3
Q

Pubofemoral Ligament limits:

A

Hip Abduction & Hip Extension

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4
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament limits:

A

Hip Internal Rotation (esp. 10-20 degrees of abduction) and Hip Flexion

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5
Q

Ligaments of Hip in Close-packed position:

A

Full extension, with slight internal rotation & abduction is when ligaments are tightest

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6
Q

Ligaments of Hip in Open-packed position:

A

30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction and slight internal rotation

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7
Q

On which side of the body should you direct a patient to use a cane?

A

Opposite of the affected side.
-reduces amount of torque hip abductors have to create
-reduces HAF (hip abd force)
-reduces Hip JRF

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8
Q

Which side of the body should you suggest a patient hold a bag if they present with Trendelenburg gait?

A

On the Ipsilateral side
-provides torque in same direction has hip abductors
-reduces HAF
-reduces Hip JRF

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9
Q

Hip Arthroplasty precautions with posterior approach

A

No Flexion > 90 degrees
No ADD past neutral
No Internal Rotation

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10
Q

Hip Arthroplasty precautions with anterior approach

A

No Extension
No ABD past neutral
No External Rotation

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11
Q

Pros & Cons of Coxa Valga

A

Pros: decreased bending moment arm & decreased shear force & increased functional length of hip abd. muscles
Cons: Decreased moment arm & alignment favors joint dislocation

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12
Q

Pros & Cons of Coxa Vara

A

(~90 degrees)
Pro: increased moment arm for rotation at hip & improved joint stability
Con: Increased bending moment arm which increases shear force on femoral neck & has decreased functional length

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13
Q

Excessive Anteversion presents as ______ clinically.

A

Toe-in gait

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14
Q

Retroversion presents as ______ clinically.

A

Toe-out gait

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15
Q

Role of Meniscus

A

-Reduce compressive stress (triples joint contact area)
-Stability
-Lubrication (reduce friction)

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16
Q

To ‘unlock’ the knee, popliteus must either _______ or ________ get knee internally rotated.

A

Externally rotate Femur or Internally rotate Tibia

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17
Q

Screw-home mechanism

A

-Transverse Plane
-10 deg of ER of Tibia to lock knee in full extension
-Medial tibia travels further (causing ER) because medial condyle on femur is larger

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18
Q

Remember that Patella moves if _____ moves

A

Tibia

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19
Q

MCL limits

A

Valgus/abduction

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20
Q

LCL limits

A

Varus/adduction

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21
Q

Primary Function of MCL/LCL

A

Limit excessive knee motion in frontal plane

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22
Q

ACL

A

restricts anterior shear force (85%)

more taut in extension

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23
Q

PCL

A

restricts posterior shear force (95%)

more taut in flexion

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24
Q

Knee extensors (quads)

A

Rectus femoris (20% of force)
Vasti (80% of force)

Max torque ~ 80 - 45 deg of flexion

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25
Q

Knee flexors (hamstrings)

A

The semis IR knee, Biceps femoris ER knee

Max torque is when its less flexed, but max leverage is when its more flexed

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26
Q

What muscle produces anterior tibial shear?
(greatest in knee extension)

A

Quads

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27
Q

Patellar Compression Forces

A

QUADRICEPS FORCE!!!
but also angle of knee flexion
and weight bearing vs non-weight bearing

28
Q

More knee flexion =

A

more PFJ stress

29
Q

Non-weight bearing exercise creates less PFJ Stress than weight bearing in _____

A

45 deg to 90 deg flexion

30
Q

Weight bearing exercise creates less PFJ compression force in

A

0 deg to 45 deg flexion

31
Q

What muscle(s) produce posterior tibial shear?

*good for ACL

A

Hamstrings

32
Q

Dynamic Lower Extremity Valgus is a combination of what motions?

A

Hip ADDuction
Hip IR
Knee ABDuction
Knee ER
Ankle Pronation

33
Q

What muscle group can become flexors/extensors if in high amounts of flexion/extension?

A

Hip Adductors

34
Q

Hip Abductors

A

Glute med (60%)
Glute min (20%)
TFL (10%)

35
Q

Forefoot components

A

Metatarsals
Phalanges

36
Q

Midfoot components

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

37
Q

Rearfoot components

A

Talus
Calcaneus

38
Q

Navicular Bone/Talonavicular Joint

A

Keystone of Arch

39
Q

Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion predominately occur at what joint

A

Talocrural

40
Q

Inversion/Eversion

A

what calcaneus is doing relative to tibia

41
Q

Pronation is a combination of

A

Eversion
Abduction
Dorsiflexion

42
Q

Supination is a combination of

A

Inversion
Adduction
Plantarflexion

43
Q

Tibiofibular Ligaments are where ______ sprains occur.

A

High ankle sprains

44
Q

Tibiofibular Joints have _________ movement

A

virtually none

45
Q

Talocrural Joint’s Ligaments & Roles

A

Medial ones (Deltoid) resist eversion
Lateral ones resist inversion

46
Q

Talocrural provides ~80% of movement for ….

A

Plantarflexion (45-50%)
Dorsiflexion (15-25%)

47
Q

Subtalar joint has minimal _____ but can complete the other motions involved in pronating and supinating.

A

Minimal Dorsi/plantarflexion

can evert + abduct (12 deg)
can invert +adduct (22 deg)

48
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

primary load bearing and shock absorbing structure in the foot

49
Q

Medial Longitudinal Arch’s Passive Support and Active Support

A

Passive = Talonavicular Joint = Keystone & Plantar Fascia
Active = Intrinsic & Extrinsic (post tib) muscles

50
Q

“Navicular Drop”

A

-Contributes to dynamic lower extremity valgus
-Controlled by eccentric contraction of Post. Tib

51
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflexion and Inversion (concentric)
Eccentrically controls plantarflexion and eversion

52
Q

Fibularis Longus & Brevis

A

Primary action = eversion
Secondary = plantarflexion

Eccentrically works to prevent inversion ankle sprains

53
Q

Gastroc (crosses knee)
Soleus (doesn’t cross knee)

A

Plantarflexion (concentrically)
eccentrically controls dorsiflexion

54
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Supination (inversion), Plantarflexion
eccentrically controls pronation

55
Q

When stretching plantarflexors, how do you target just gastroc and less soleus?

A

Stretch with knee extended (straight)
If knee is flexed, soleus is more targeted

56
Q

Pes Planus

A

Flat footed
-excessive laxity or overstretched/torn/weak plantar fascia, spring ligaments, Post. tib. etc

57
Q

Pes Planus may result in:

A

excessive pronation
Rearfoot valgus/calcaneal eversion
Forefoot varus/abduction
Hallux valgus
Wide Midfoot
Excessive use of foot muscles
Lengthening of plantar fascia
lack of dorsiflexion

58
Q

Pes Cavus

A

High Arch
onset could be idiopathic, genetic, neurological

59
Q

Pes Cavus may result in:

A

Rearfoot varus/inversion
Claw Toes
Forefoot valgus
reduced contact area
Angled metatarsals
shortening of plantar fascia
disuse of intrinsic foot muscles

60
Q

Forefoot Varus

A

Forefoot is inverted relative to rearfoot and is not on the ground/NWB. To WB, calcaneal eversion has to occur to put forefoot on ground

61
Q

Pes Planus Rigid vs Flexible

A

Rigid = bone or joint malformation; cannot dissipate forces/stress; more likely to fracture
Flexible = drops even flatter when WB

62
Q

Pes Cavus Rigid vs Flexible

A

Rigid= difficulty absorbing repeated impacts
Flexible= able to cave some into a more normal arch, so it can absorb some load

63
Q

Ankle Sprain

A

Compression side -> bony injury
Tensile side -> soft tissue injury

64
Q

Eversion Sprain

A

Posterior Tib

65
Q

Inversion Sprain

A

Fibularis Longus/Brevis

Movement Science 1 (8 decks)

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