Spine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the structure that looks like a jelly filled doughnut

A

vertebral disk

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2
Q

what part of the spine is more stiff

A

thoracic spine

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3
Q

what part of the spine is more mobile

A

cervical spine

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4
Q

cervical spine injury prevention method

A

muscle strengthening

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5
Q

2 Thoracic spine injury prevention methods

A

correct posture and available range of motion

functional strength and biomechanics

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6
Q

2 Lumbar spine injury prevention methods

A

avoid stress

correction of biomechanical abnormalities

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7
Q

2 general spine injury prevention

A

have functional range of motion

using proper technique

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8
Q

how can functional range of motion be improved

A

stretching and mobility

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9
Q

Aspects of proper lifting technique

A

use proper breathing techniques to stabilize the spine
use a spotter
keep everything in line

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10
Q

what does trunk stabilization do

A

prevent microtrauma by keeping the spine and pelvis in a safe mid range position

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11
Q

kyphotic

A

excessive thoracic flexion

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12
Q

lordotic

A

excessive lumbar curvature

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13
Q

radiating pain during a press-up test is indicative of…

A

a herniated disk

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14
Q

sensation testing involves

A

dermatomes

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15
Q

strength testing involves

A

myotomes

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16
Q

the three reflexes used in an upper extremity reflex test are…
what nerve roots are tested

A

biceps (C5)
brachioradialis (C6)
tricep (C7)

17
Q

the two reflexes used in an lower extremity reflex test are…
what nerve roots are tested

A
patellar tendon (L4)
Achilles tendon (S1)
18
Q

define etiology

A

source of injury

19
Q

what forces often lead to cervical fractures

A

axial load and a flexed spine

20
Q

what muscles are commonly involves in neck/upper back strains

A

upper traps
scalenes
spenius capitis
cervicis

21
Q

what is the common word used to describe cervical sprains

22
Q

What us acute torticollis

A

synovial capsule impingement withing a facet

23
Q

what level of cord lesion results in death

A

at or above C3

24
Q

what mechanisms can result in cervical cord and nerve root injury

A

laceration
compression
stretch
blunt trauma

25
stretching or compression of the brachial plexus results in...
brachial plexus neurapraxia
26
lower back pain results from
mechanical defects of the spine resulting from bad posture, obesity, or body mechanics
27
vertebral compression fractures often result from
trunk hyperflexion
28
sciatica results from
nerve root compression anatomical irregularities tightness of the piriformis
29
normally the sciatic nerve should pass between, under or over the piriformis
under
30
what is spondylolysis
the degeneration of the vertebrae due to congenital weakness
31
what is spondylolisthesis
slipping of one vertebrae above or below another, often related with a spondylolysis
32
SI joint instability is commonly due to...
muscle imbalances