Spine

Question 1

what is the structure that looks like a jelly filled doughnut

Answer 1

vertebral disk

Question 2

what part of the spine is more stiff

Answer 2

thoracic spine

Question 3

what part of the spine is more mobile

Answer 3

cervical spine

Question 4

cervical spine injury prevention method

Answer 4

muscle strengthening

Question 5

2 Thoracic spine injury prevention methods

Answer 5

correct posture and available range of motion

functional strength and biomechanics

Question 6

2 Lumbar spine injury prevention methods

Answer 6

avoid stress

correction of biomechanical abnormalities

Question 7

2 general spine injury prevention

Answer 7

have functional range of motion

using proper technique

Question 8

how can functional range of motion be improved

Answer 8

stretching and mobility

Question 9

Aspects of proper lifting technique

Answer 9

use proper breathing techniques to stabilize the spine
use a spotter
keep everything in line

Question 10

what does trunk stabilization do

Answer 10

prevent microtrauma by keeping the spine and pelvis in a safe mid range position

Question 11

kyphotic

Answer 11

excessive thoracic flexion

Question 12

lordotic

Answer 12

excessive lumbar curvature

Question 13

radiating pain during a press-up test is indicative of…

Answer 13

a herniated disk

Question 14

sensation testing involves

Answer 14

dermatomes

Question 15

strength testing involves

Answer 15

myotomes

Question 16

the three reflexes used in an upper extremity reflex test are…
what nerve roots are tested

Answer 16

biceps (C5)
brachioradialis (C6)
tricep (C7)

Question 17

the two reflexes used in an lower extremity reflex test are…
what nerve roots are tested

Answer 17

patellar tendon (L4)
Achilles tendon (S1)

Question 18

define etiology

Answer 18

source of injury

Question 19

what forces often lead to cervical fractures

Answer 19

axial load and a flexed spine

Question 20

what muscles are commonly involves in neck/upper back strains

Answer 20

upper traps
scalenes
spenius capitis
cervicis

Question 21

what is the common word used to describe cervical sprains

Answer 21

whiplash

Question 22

What us acute torticollis

Answer 22

synovial capsule impingement withing a facet

Question 23

what level of cord lesion results in death

Answer 23

at or above C3

Question 24

what mechanisms can result in cervical cord and nerve root injury

Answer 24

laceration
compression
stretch
blunt trauma

Question 25

stretching or compression of the brachial plexus results in…

Answer 25

brachial plexus neurapraxia

Question 26

lower back pain results from

Answer 26

mechanical defects of the spine resulting from bad posture, obesity, or body mechanics

Question 27

vertebral compression fractures often result from

Answer 27

trunk hyperflexion

Question 28

sciatica results from

Answer 28

nerve root compression
anatomical irregularities
tightness of the piriformis

Question 29

normally the sciatic nerve should pass between, under or over the piriformis

Answer 29

under

Question 30

what is spondylolysis

Answer 30

the degeneration of the vertebrae due to congenital weakness

Question 31

what is spondylolisthesis

Answer 31

slipping of one vertebrae above or below another, often related with a spondylolysis

Question 32

SI joint instability is commonly due to…

Answer 32

muscle imbalances