Injury Identification Flashcards
Properties of tissue response to strain without deformation is plastic of elastic response
elastic response
What is the yield point
tissue is brought to point of adaptation
When a force exceeds the ability to withstand, resulting in injury is called _______.
Tissue failure
4 types of tissue failure
strain
rupture
tear
fracture
the 5 mechanisms of tissue loading
compression tension shearing bending torsion
tension is …
pulling force which stresses tissue beyond the yeild point often resulting in sprain, strain or avulsion type injuries
What is shearing?
force moving across the parallel organization of tissue
What is bending?
three forces cause bending while structure is under axial load.
What is torsion?
loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from the opposite ends. likely to happen on long bones
The 3 levels if injury severity.
life threatening, serious, non-life threatening/non-serious
what is the difference between a serious and a non-life threatening/non-serious injury
serious injuries are likely to cause long term problems. Non-life threatening/non-serious is is shorter recovery time and not long lasting but rehabilitation is still necessary
The 3 injury classifications
Acute
Chronic
Recurrent
What are the signs of acute injury
swelling heat altered function redness pain
What is a chronic injury
a number of small acute events or micro-traumas
What is the most effective way to manage a chronic injury
altering participation + rehabilitation
What kind of injury requires some form of immediate intervention
acute
Recurrent injuries happen when
when an injury healed in a weakened or stretched position often as a result of improper or vacant rehabilitation period
What are the 3 mechanisms of injury
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Environmental
What are the 3 persons in an emergency action plan (EAP) and their roles
charge person - the person most capable to handle injury situations and provide first aid to athlete
call person - call ambulance when directed to do so. + relay info between charge person and EMS
Control Person - keep onlookers away/general assistance
The 4 things on the list of important facility information
address, access points, barriers, location of phones and emergency supplies
6 steps in activating an EAP
- activate protocol, call person calls ems, control person checks access points and equipment or aids
- charge person performs interventions to their capabilities
- control person meets ambulance, call person and charge person relay info
- ensure medical info card goes to the hostpital with the athlete
- have someone accompany the athlete
- complete injury report form
the 4 situations in which ems should be called
athlete:
- is unresponsive
- has trouble breathing
- is bleeding severely
- is convulsing (seizure)
the two situation in which calling ems depends on the skills of the responder, an athlete may be able to get a ride
athlete:
- has possible head or spine injury
- has suspected broken bones
when should injury evaluation begin
once life-threatening situation had been ruled out
In secondary survey, what does HOPS stand for
History
Observation
Palpation
Special tests
What does the SHARP abbreviation stand for and what stage of HOPS is it a part of
Swelling Heat Altered Function Redness Pain
Part of Observation stage
The three main parts of bone
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
periosteum
What part of the bone has hyaline cartilage
epiphysis
What part of the bone contains blood vessels and osteoblasts
periosteum
what are the 4 types of bones
flat
long
short
irregular
what type of bone is most commonly injured
long bones
bone diameter is increased with the activity of osteoclasts or osteoblasts
osteoblasts
What happens during osteoporosis
bones lose thickness and become less resistant to force
What is wolff’s law
every change in form and function is followed by changes in architectural design
A bone will become more or less strong in the area where stress is applied
more
the 6 types of bone fractures
greenstick comminuted linear transverse oblique spiral
what type of fracture is common in hockey and skiing
spiral fracture
types of bone injuries
stress fractures
avulsion fractures
epiphyseal conditions
Apophyseal injuries
what type of bone injury is related to growth plates
epiphysial fractures
what is an avulsion fracture
a bone fragment is separated from cortex via pull of ligament or tendon
what do fibrous capsules do
provide support
The 3 grades of sprain severity
Grade I: some pain with minimal loss of function
Grade II: pain, moderate loss of function, some tearing and separation of fibers
Grade III: Extreme pain, close to if not full disruption of fibers
What is subluxation
synovial joint injury
partial dislocation causing incomplete seperation of two bones
What is dislocation
synovial joint injury
at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment
what is the only absolute diagnostic technique for dislocation and why is it important
X-ray
need to see if any bone fragments are present from possible avulsion fracture
what are the static stabilizing structures of a joint
ligaments and joint capsules
what are the dynamic stabilizing structures of a joint
muscles and related tendons
what are the symptoms of bursitis
swelling
pain
some loss of function
what structure has an extremely high yield point
tendons
in what structure do tears typically occur in
muscles
what is tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon
without proper healing, tendinitis can turn into _________.
Tendinosis
what is the treatment for tendinitis vs tendinosis
tendinitis: rest, modified activity, anti inflammatory prescription, progressive overload strength program
tendinosis: stretching and strengthening
what is tenosynovitis
inflammation of the synovial sheath
think of the pinched straw on a string
what is crepitus
sticking of tendon due to accumulation of inflammatory by-products on irritated tissue
contusions result from what kind of force
compression
what causes hematoma
blood and lymph flowing into surrounding tissue following a contusion
what is myositis ossificans
damage to the periosteum of the bone
what is a possible prevention for contusions
proper protection and padding
what are muscle cramps
painful involuntary skeletal muscle contractions when muscle is in shortened position
what is muscle guarding
when muscles within an effected area contract to protect and limit the motion of the area in an effort to minimize pain following an injury
what are the 3 potential secondary issues regarding muscle injury
muscle cramps
muscle guarding
muscle soreness
what are the two typed of muscle soreness
acute onset muscle soreness
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
what can you do to prevent muscle soreness
have a gradual build up of intensity
what are the two primary mechanisms of nerve injury
compression and tension
what is the most common form of nerve injury from acute trauma
neuropraxia
neuropraxia is temporary or permanent loss of function
temporary
Neuropraxia impacts sensory of motor function more
motor
what are the three types of trauma that can cause neuropraxia
compressions, stretch or blunt trauma
what network of nerves is commonly hyper-stretched as a result of acute trauma in contact sport
brachial plexus
