Injury Identification

Question 1

Properties of tissue response to strain without deformation is plastic of elastic response

Answer 1

elastic response

Question 2

What is the yield point

Answer 2

tissue is brought to point of adaptation

Question 3

When a force exceeds the ability to withstand, resulting in injury is called _______.

Answer 3

Tissue failure

Question 4

4 types of tissue failure

Answer 4

strain
rupture
tear
fracture

Question 5

the 5 mechanisms of tissue loading

Answer 5

compression
tension
shearing
bending 
torsion

Question 6

tension is …

Answer 6

pulling force which stresses tissue beyond the yeild point often resulting in sprain, strain or avulsion type injuries

Question 7

What is shearing?

Answer 7

force moving across the parallel organization of tissue

Question 8

What is bending?

Answer 8

three forces cause bending while structure is under axial load.

Question 9

What is torsion?

Answer 9

loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from the opposite ends. likely to happen on long bones

Question 10

The 3 levels if injury severity.

Answer 10

life threatening, serious, non-life threatening/non-serious

Question 11

what is the difference between a serious and a non-life threatening/non-serious injury

Answer 11

serious injuries are likely to cause long term problems. Non-life threatening/non-serious is is shorter recovery time and not long lasting but rehabilitation is still necessary

Question 12

The 3 injury classifications

Answer 12

Acute
Chronic
Recurrent

Question 13

What are the signs of acute injury

Answer 13

swelling
heat
altered function
redness
pain

Question 14

What is a chronic injury

Answer 14

a number of small acute events or micro-traumas

Question 15

What is the most effective way to manage a chronic injury

Answer 15

altering participation + rehabilitation

Question 16

What kind of injury requires some form of immediate intervention

Answer 16

acute

Question 17

Recurrent injuries happen when

Answer 17

when an injury healed in a weakened or stretched position often as a result of improper or vacant rehabilitation period

Question 18

What are the 3 mechanisms of injury

Answer 18

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Environmental

Question 19

What are the 3 persons in an emergency action plan (EAP) and their roles

Answer 19

charge person - the person most capable to handle injury situations and provide first aid to athlete
call person - call ambulance when directed to do so. + relay info between charge person and EMS
Control Person - keep onlookers away/general assistance

Question 20

The 4 things on the list of important facility information

Answer 20

address, access points, barriers, location of phones and emergency supplies

Question 21

6 steps in activating an EAP

Answer 21

1. activate protocol, call person calls ems, control person checks access points and equipment or aids
2. charge person performs interventions to their capabilities
3. control person meets ambulance, call person and charge person relay info
4. ensure medical info card goes to the hostpital with the athlete
5. have someone accompany the athlete
6. complete injury report form

Question 22

the 4 situations in which ems should be called

Answer 22

athlete:

• is unresponsive
• has trouble breathing
• is bleeding severely
• is convulsing (seizure)

Question 23

the two situation in which calling ems depends on the skills of the responder, an athlete may be able to get a ride

Answer 23

athlete:

• has possible head or spine injury
• has suspected broken bones

Question 24

when should injury evaluation begin

Answer 24

once life-threatening situation had been ruled out

Question 25

In secondary survey, what does HOPS stand for

Answer 25

History Observation Palpation Special tests

Question 26

What does the SHARP abbreviation stand for and what stage of HOPS is it a part of

Answer 26

``` Swelling Heat Altered Function Redness Pain ``` Part of Observation stage

Question 27

The three main parts of bone

Answer 27

Diaphysis Epiphysis periosteum

Question 28

What part of the bone has hyaline cartilage

Answer 28

epiphysis

Question 29

What part of the bone contains blood vessels and osteoblasts

Answer 29

periosteum

Question 30

what are the 4 types of bones

Answer 30

flat long short irregular

Question 31

what type of bone is most commonly injured

Answer 31

long bones

Question 32

bone diameter is increased with the activity of osteoclasts or osteoblasts

Answer 32

osteoblasts

Question 33

What happens during osteoporosis

Answer 33

bones lose thickness and become less resistant to force

Question 34

What is wolff's law

Answer 34

every change in form and function is followed by changes in architectural design

Question 35

A bone will become more or less strong in the area where stress is applied

Answer 35

more

Question 36

the 6 types of bone fractures

Answer 36

``` greenstick comminuted linear transverse oblique spiral ```

Question 37

what type of fracture is common in hockey and skiing

Answer 37

spiral fracture

Question 38

types of bone injuries

Answer 38

stress fractures avulsion fractures epiphyseal conditions Apophyseal injuries

Question 39

what type of bone injury is related to growth plates

Answer 39

epiphysial fractures

Question 40

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 40

a bone fragment is separated from cortex via pull of ligament or tendon

Question 41

what do fibrous capsules do

Answer 41

provide support

Question 42

The 3 grades of sprain severity

Answer 42

Grade I: some pain with minimal loss of function Grade II: pain, moderate loss of function, some tearing and separation of fibers Grade III: Extreme pain, close to if not full disruption of fibers

Question 43

What is subluxation

Answer 43

synovial joint injury partial dislocation causing incomplete seperation of two bones

Question 44

What is dislocation

Answer 44

synovial joint injury at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment

Question 45

what is the only absolute diagnostic technique for dislocation and why is it important

Answer 45

X-ray need to see if any bone fragments are present from possible avulsion fracture

Question 46

what are the static stabilizing structures of a joint

Answer 46

ligaments and joint capsules

Question 47

what are the dynamic stabilizing structures of a joint

Answer 47

muscles and related tendons

Question 48

what are the symptoms of bursitis

Answer 48

swelling pain some loss of function

Question 49

what structure has an extremely high yield point

Answer 49

tendons

Question 50

in what structure do tears typically occur in

Answer 50

muscles

Question 51

what is tendinitis

Answer 51

inflammation of the tendon

Question 52

without proper healing, tendinitis can turn into _________.

Answer 52

Tendinosis

Question 53

what is the treatment for tendinitis vs tendinosis

Answer 53

tendinitis: rest, modified activity, anti inflammatory prescription, progressive overload strength program tendinosis: stretching and strengthening

Question 54

what is tenosynovitis

Answer 54

inflammation of the synovial sheath | think of the pinched straw on a string

Question 55

what is crepitus

Answer 55

sticking of tendon due to accumulation of inflammatory by-products on irritated tissue

Question 56

contusions result from what kind of force

Answer 56

compression

Question 57

what causes hematoma

Answer 57

blood and lymph flowing into surrounding tissue following a contusion

Question 58

what is myositis ossificans

Answer 58

damage to the periosteum of the bone

Question 59

what is a possible prevention for contusions

Answer 59

proper protection and padding

Question 60

what are muscle cramps

Answer 60

painful involuntary skeletal muscle contractions when muscle is in shortened position

Question 61

what is muscle guarding

Answer 61

when muscles within an effected area contract to protect and limit the motion of the area in an effort to minimize pain following an injury

Question 62

what are the 3 potential secondary issues regarding muscle injury

Answer 62

muscle cramps muscle guarding muscle soreness

Question 63

what are the two typed of muscle soreness

Answer 63

acute onset muscle soreness | Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

Question 64

what can you do to prevent muscle soreness

Answer 64

have a gradual build up of intensity

Question 65

what are the two primary mechanisms of nerve injury

Answer 65

compression and tension

Question 66

what is the most common form of nerve injury from acute trauma

Answer 66

neuropraxia

Question 67

neuropraxia is temporary or permanent loss of function

Answer 67

temporary

Question 68

Neuropraxia impacts sensory of motor function more

Answer 68

motor

Question 69

what are the three types of trauma that can cause neuropraxia

Answer 69

compressions, stretch or blunt trauma

Question 70

what network of nerves is commonly hyper-stretched as a result of acute trauma in contact sport

Answer 70

brachial plexus