Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards
what is scapulohumeral rhythm
movement of scapula relative to the humerus
after what degree do you start seeing scapular motion
30 degrees
what types of injuries is the GH joint susceptible to?
Acute, repetitive and overuse
What are two things that provide dynamic stability to the GH joint
rotator cuff and biceps (long head)
what is a static stabilizer of the GH joint
glenoid labrum
what is the ratio of humerus to scapular movement past 30 degrees
2:1
what are two aspects of shoulder strengthening you should do whenever possible
going through full range of motion and bilaterally
what are the 3 types of ROM tests
passive
active
resisted
etiology of clavicular fractures
FOOSH
fall on tip of shoulder
acute injury management of clavicular fracture
sling, swath, refer
piano key is a sign of what grade acromioclavicular (AC) sprain
grade 3
after an AC sprain, how long will the person be in the sling for
5-7 days or until able to support arm without pain
In what situation might a sternoclavicular sprain be life threatening
if a dislocation occurred posteriorly towards the trachea and carotid artery
anterior shoulder dislocation forces
abduction and external rotation
posterior shoulder dislocation forces
adduction and internal rotation
are anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations more common
anterior
what is a bankart lesion
anterior defect of labrum
what is a hill-sach lesion
compression of bone against anterior glenoid rim creating divot in the humeral head
what is a SLAP lesion
damage to the superior labrum from anterior to posterior, impacting the attachment of the long head of the biceps on the labrum. causes more impingement
potential complication of GH dislocations
lesions (bankart, hill-sachs, SLAP)
brachial nerves and vessels may be compromised
rotator cuff injuries
fractures
bicipital tendon subluxation and transverse ligament rupture
Chronic GH instability etiology
loss of static instability leading to increase joint laxity and damage to other soft tissue structures
what are common tissues that get compressed in shoulder impingement
supraspinatus tendon
subacromial bursa
long head of biceps tendon
shoulder impingements are often a result of what two things
poor mechanics
postural faults
the elbow can do what 4 movement
flexion, extension, pronation, supination
what is the carrying angle at the elbow for males vs females
males: 5-10 degrees
females: 10-15 degrees
UCL sprain is from what type of force
valgus
lateral epicondylitis is also called what
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis is common on what sports?
extension based racquet sports
medial epicondylitis is also called what
golfer’s elbow
what forces cause medial epicondylitis
repeated forceful flexion of the wrist and valgus torque of the elbow
an elbow dislocation is distinguishable from a fracture because…
lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned with the shaft of the humerus
