Shoulder and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

what is scapulohumeral rhythm

A

movement of scapula relative to the humerus

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2
Q

after what degree do you start seeing scapular motion

A

30 degrees

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3
Q

what types of injuries is the GH joint susceptible to?

A

Acute, repetitive and overuse

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4
Q

What are two things that provide dynamic stability to the GH joint

A

rotator cuff and biceps (long head)

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5
Q

what is a static stabilizer of the GH joint

A

glenoid labrum

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6
Q

what is the ratio of humerus to scapular movement past 30 degrees

A

2:1

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7
Q

what are two aspects of shoulder strengthening you should do whenever possible

A

going through full range of motion and bilaterally

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of ROM tests

A

passive
active
resisted

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9
Q

etiology of clavicular fractures

A

FOOSH

fall on tip of shoulder

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10
Q

acute injury management of clavicular fracture

A

sling, swath, refer

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11
Q

piano key is a sign of what grade acromioclavicular (AC) sprain

A

grade 3

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12
Q

after an AC sprain, how long will the person be in the sling for

A

5-7 days or until able to support arm without pain

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13
Q

In what situation might a sternoclavicular sprain be life threatening

A

if a dislocation occurred posteriorly towards the trachea and carotid artery

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14
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation forces

A

abduction and external rotation

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15
Q

posterior shoulder dislocation forces

A

adduction and internal rotation

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16
Q

are anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations more common

17
Q

what is a bankart lesion

A

anterior defect of labrum

18
Q

what is a hill-sach lesion

A

compression of bone against anterior glenoid rim creating divot in the humeral head

19
Q

what is a SLAP lesion

A

damage to the superior labrum from anterior to posterior, impacting the attachment of the long head of the biceps on the labrum. causes more impingement

20
Q

potential complication of GH dislocations

A

lesions (bankart, hill-sachs, SLAP)
brachial nerves and vessels may be compromised
rotator cuff injuries
fractures
bicipital tendon subluxation and transverse ligament rupture

21
Q

Chronic GH instability etiology

A

loss of static instability leading to increase joint laxity and damage to other soft tissue structures

22
Q

what are common tissues that get compressed in shoulder impingement

A

supraspinatus tendon
subacromial bursa
long head of biceps tendon

23
Q

shoulder impingements are often a result of what two things

A

poor mechanics

postural faults

24
Q

the elbow can do what 4 movement

A

flexion, extension, pronation, supination

25
what is the carrying angle at the elbow for males vs females
males: 5-10 degrees females: 10-15 degrees
26
UCL sprain is from what type of force
valgus
27
lateral epicondylitis is also called what
tennis elbow
28
lateral epicondylitis is common on what sports?
extension based racquet sports
29
medial epicondylitis is also called what
golfer's elbow
30
what forces cause medial epicondylitis
repeated forceful flexion of the wrist and valgus torque of the elbow
31
an elbow dislocation is distinguishable from a fracture because...
lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned with the shaft of the humerus