Shoulder and Elbow

Question 1

what is scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 1

movement of scapula relative to the humerus

Question 2

after what degree do you start seeing scapular motion

Answer 2

30 degrees

Question 3

what types of injuries is the GH joint susceptible to?

Answer 3

Acute, repetitive and overuse

Question 4

What are two things that provide dynamic stability to the GH joint

Answer 4

rotator cuff and biceps (long head)

Question 5

what is a static stabilizer of the GH joint

Answer 5

glenoid labrum

Question 6

what is the ratio of humerus to scapular movement past 30 degrees

Answer 6

2:1

Question 7

what are two aspects of shoulder strengthening you should do whenever possible

Answer 7

going through full range of motion and bilaterally

Question 8

what are the 3 types of ROM tests

Answer 8

passive
active
resisted

Question 9

etiology of clavicular fractures

Answer 9

FOOSH

fall on tip of shoulder

Question 10

acute injury management of clavicular fracture

Answer 10

sling, swath, refer

Question 11

piano key is a sign of what grade acromioclavicular (AC) sprain

Answer 11

grade 3

Question 12

after an AC sprain, how long will the person be in the sling for

Answer 12

5-7 days or until able to support arm without pain

Question 13

In what situation might a sternoclavicular sprain be life threatening

Answer 13

if a dislocation occurred posteriorly towards the trachea and carotid artery

Question 14

anterior shoulder dislocation forces

Answer 14

abduction and external rotation

Question 15

posterior shoulder dislocation forces

Answer 15

adduction and internal rotation

Question 16

are anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations more common

Answer 16

anterior

Question 17

what is a bankart lesion

Answer 17

anterior defect of labrum

Question 18

what is a hill-sach lesion

Answer 18

compression of bone against anterior glenoid rim creating divot in the humeral head

Question 19

what is a SLAP lesion

Answer 19

damage to the superior labrum from anterior to posterior, impacting the attachment of the long head of the biceps on the labrum. causes more impingement

Question 20

potential complication of GH dislocations

Answer 20

lesions (bankart, hill-sachs, SLAP)
brachial nerves and vessels may be compromised
rotator cuff injuries
fractures
bicipital tendon subluxation and transverse ligament rupture

Question 21

Chronic GH instability etiology

Answer 21

loss of static instability leading to increase joint laxity and damage to other soft tissue structures

Question 22

what are common tissues that get compressed in shoulder impingement

Answer 22

supraspinatus tendon
subacromial bursa
long head of biceps tendon

Question 23

shoulder impingements are often a result of what two things

Answer 23

poor mechanics

postural faults

Question 24

the elbow can do what 4 movement

Answer 24

flexion, extension, pronation, supination

Question 25

what is the carrying angle at the elbow for males vs females

Answer 25

males: 5-10 degrees
females: 10-15 degrees

Question 26

UCL sprain is from what type of force

Answer 26

valgus

Question 27

lateral epicondylitis is also called what

Answer 27

tennis elbow

Question 28

lateral epicondylitis is common on what sports?

Answer 28

extension based racquet sports

Question 29

medial epicondylitis is also called what

Answer 29

golfer’s elbow

Question 30

what forces cause medial epicondylitis

Answer 30

repeated forceful flexion of the wrist and valgus torque of the elbow

Question 31

an elbow dislocation is distinguishable from a fracture because…

Answer 31

lateral and medial epicondyles are normally aligned with the shaft of the humerus