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Nuro > Spinal nerves > Flashcards

Spinal nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which CN have Parasympathetic nuclei

A

III, VII, IX, X

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2
Q

What are the four Parasympathetic Ganglia

A

Ciliary, Otic, Pterygopalatine, Submandibular

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3
Q

What pathways do Preganglionic Parasympathetic nerves travel on ?

A

CN III, VII, IX

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4
Q

What pathway do Postganglionic Parasympethietic fibers travel on?

A

CN V

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5
Q

Where do Preganglionic Sympathetic fibers originate

A

T1-T4

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6
Q

Where do Preganglionic Sympathetic fibers usually terminate?

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

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7
Q

How do Postganglionic Sympathetic fibers reach their target?

A

1- Traveling with Internal Carotid Artery then on to External Carotid Artery 2- Following Internal Carotid Artery then riding the Trigeminal System 3- Traveling on their own

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8
Q

Where do the Olfactory Nerve Originate?

A

Bipolar neuronal bodies in the Olfactory Epithelium

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9
Q

What cavity to the Olfactory nerves pass through

A

Cribiform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

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10
Q

Where do the Olfactory Axions Terminate?

A

Olfactory Bulb

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11
Q

What is Anosmia

A

Loss of Smell

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12
Q

What is Rhinorrhea

A

When CSF drips from the nose

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13
Q

What is the pathway for the Optic Nerve

A

Retina Posterior aspect of eyeball Optic Canal Optic Chiasm Optic Tract Thalamus Primary Visual Cortex (occipital Lobe)

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14
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the Optic nerve (CN II)

A

Ganglion cells of the Retina

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15
Q

What does the Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) do?

A

Sensory for hearing and balance

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16
Q

Where does the CN VIII exit the skull?

A

Internal Acoustic meatus

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17
Q

What two parts does CN VIII dived into?

A

Vestibular N (balance) Cochlear N (Hearing)

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18
Q

Where are the vestibular cell bodies located?

A

Lateral aspect of the Open Medulla and the Pons Vestibular Ganglion

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19
Q

Where are the Cochlear cell bodies located

A

Cochlear (spiral) Ganglion)

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20
Q

Where does the Vestibular ganglion send it s centeral process into

A

Vestibular Nuclei

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21
Q

Where does the peripheral process of the Vestibular Ganglion project into?

A

Vestibular apparatus

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22
Q

What consists of the vestibular apparatus

A

utricle saccule semicircular canals

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23
Q

Where does the Cochlear Ganglion send its centeral process into?

A

Cochlear Nuclei

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24
Q

Where does the Cochlear Ganglion send its Peripheral process into?

A

Cochlea

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25
Q

What are the purely sensory Nerves

A

CN I, II, VIII

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26
Q

What are the Purely Motor Nerves

A

III, IV, VI

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27
Q

What fiber types does the Oculomotor nerve (CN III) have?

A

Somatic Motor Parasympathetic

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28
Q

What does the Oculomotor Nerve do?

A

Somatic motor to all extraocular mm except - lateral rectus superior oblique

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29
Q

What are the two divisions of CN III

A

Superior division Inferior Division

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30
Q

What muscles does the superior division of CN III innervate?

A

Superior Rectus Levator Palpebrae

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31
Q

What muscles does the inferior division of CN III innervate?

A

Medial rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique

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32
Q

Where are the Preganglionic Parasympathtic cell bodies of CN III located?

A

Edinger Westfall nucleus In the Pons

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33
Q

How do the fibers of the Preganglionic Parasympathetic of CN III travel?

A

Along the inferior division of III

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34
Q

Where do the Preganglionic Parasympathetic CN III synapse

A

Ciliary Ganglion

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35
Q

How do the Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers travel?

A

direct to eye along Short Ciliary N

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36
Q

What do the Parasympathetic of CN III do?

A

innervate the Sphincter pupillae

Ciliaris

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37
Q

What happens when the Parasympathetic of CN III are lesioned?

A

Supplies the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscles of the eye - pupil is directed down and out. Droopy upper eyelid

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38
Q

What does the Trochlear Nerve Innervate?

A

Superior Oblique M

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39
Q

What is unique about the path of CN IV

A

It travels posteriorly then anteriorly to target.

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40
Q

Where does CN IV enter?

A

Superior Orbial Fissue

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41
Q

Where do the cell bodies of CN IV originate?

A

Trochlear Nucleus of the midbrain

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42
Q

What happens when CN IV is lesioned?

A

Patient is unable to look down when eye is adducted.

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43
Q

What does the Adbucens Nerve CN (VI) innervate?

A

Lateral Rectus M

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44
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the Abducens Nerve Originate?

A

Abducens Nucleus - mid pons

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45
Q

Where do the Adbucens axions originate and exit from the brainstem?

A

Pons Exit through the Pontomedullary Junction

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46
Q

How does CN VI exit the skull?

A

They pass through the cavernous Sinus and enter the eye through the Superior Orbital Fissure

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47
Q

What happens if CN VI is lesioned

A

pt is unable to abduct the eye

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48
Q

What does the Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) do?

A

Innervates Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid

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49
Q

Where does the CN XI nerve originate?

A

Spinal Rootlets of Spinal accessory Nucleus of upper 5 segments of spinal cord

50
Q

What happens if XI is lesioned

A

Pt experiences shoulder droop

51
Q

What things pass through the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI, Jugular Vein The hypoglossal nerve crosses the jugular vein.

52
Q

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve ( CN XII) do

A

Somatic Motor to the Tongue

53
Q

Where do the cell bodies of CN XII originate?

A

Ventromedial position of the Central Gray matter of the Medulla Hypoglossal Nucleus

in the Medulla

54
Q

How does CN XII leave the cranial cavity

A

Hypoglossal canal

55
Q

CN XII has a relation to what?

A

Occipital Artery

56
Q

What happens when CN XII is lesioned?

A

Protruded tongue deviates to affected side.

57
Q

What are the purely motor CN?

A

III, IV, VI, - all for the eyes

58
Q

What are the three divisions of the Trigeminal CN V nerve

A

Ophthalmic V1 Maxillary V2 Mandibular V3

59
Q

What is the CN V?

A

Principle sensory nerve of the head and small motor component.

60
Q

Where are the cell bodies of CN V

A

Trigeminal Ganglion - Sensory Trigeminal Motor Nucleus - located in the Pons

61
Q

Where does the Ophthalmic Division of CN V pass through?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure - enters orbit.

62
Q

What does the Ophthalmic Division of CN V divide into?

A

Frontal Nerve Lactimal Nerve Nasociliary Nerve

63
Q

Where does the Maxillary Division pass through

A

Foramen Rotundum

64
Q

What does the Maxillary Division divide into?

A
  • infraorbital nerve
  • greater and lesser palatine nerves
  • zygomatic nerves
  • posterior superior alveolar nerves
  • nasal branches supplying superior and middle concha and nasal septum
65
Q

Where does the Mandibular Division pass through?

A

Foramen ovale - enters infratemporal fossa

66
Q

What does the Mandibular Division divide into

A

inferior alveolar nerve lingual nerve buccal nerve auriculotemporal N Motor Nerves of Mastication

67
Q

What does the Facial Nerve do (CN VII)

A

Somatic Motor Preganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers Somatic Sensory Taste Fibers

68
Q

Where does the CN VII exit?

A

Internal Acoustic Meatus

69
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the Preganglionic Parasympathetic Cell bodies of CN VII arise?

A

Superior Salivary Nucleus- Rostral end of Medulla

70
Q

Where does the cell bodies of the Somatic Motor fibers of CN VII arise?

A

Facial Motor Nucleus - Top of Medulla Bottom of Pons

71
Q

Where are the taste afferent cell bodies for the anterior 2/3 of the tounge.

A

Geniculate Ganglion- located in the bend of the Facial Canal in temporal Bone.

72
Q

Where is the Geniculate Ganglion located?

A

Bend of Facial Canal in the Temporal Bone

73
Q

The taste fibers of CN VII innervate what?

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue

74
Q

The Somatic Sensory of CN VII innervates what?

A

External Ear

75
Q

Where do the somatic motor and sensory fibers of CN VII exit?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

76
Q

What nerves does CN VII give off in the temporal bone?

A

Greater Petrosal nerve (preganglionic Parasympathetic) Chorda Tympani (Preganglionic Parasympathetic and Taste)

77
Q

Where does the Greater Petrosal Nerve Synapse?

A

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

78
Q

Where does the Chorda Tympani Synapse of the Intermediate Nerve ( CN VII)

A

Submandibular Ganglion

79
Q

What does the Pterygopalatine Ganglion innervate?

A

Lacrimal Gland

Nasal Mucosa,

Palatal mucosa

80
Q

What does the Submandibular ganglion innervate?

A

Submandibular salivary gland Sublingual Salivary Gland

81
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) do? Fiber Types?

A

Somatic Motor

Preganglionic Parasympathetic

Somatic Sensory

Visceral Sensory

82
Q

IX Preganlionic parasympathetic fibers originate where?

A

Inferior salivary nucleus - Medulla

83
Q

IX Preganlionic parasympathetic fibers pass via what? to Where?

A

Lesser Petrosal N

Otic Ganglion

to the paroitid gland

84
Q

IX Postganglionic Parasympathetic fibers go to where?

A

Parotid gland - stimulate secretion

85
Q

IX Somatic Sensory fibers do what?

A

Carry pain, temp, touch From posterior 1/3 of tongue Tonsils, Soft Palate Sides of Pharynx

86
Q

IX Somatic Sensory cell bodies are located?

A

Inferior Ganglion of IX

87
Q

IX Visceral Sensory innervate what? Cell bodies are located where?

A
  • Carotid sinus
  • Carotid Body
  • Inferior Ganglion
88
Q

IX Taste Fibers have cell bodies in ?

A

Inferior Ganglion of IX

89
Q

What happens when the Somatic Fibers of CN III are lesioned

A

Eye looks down and out

90
Q

CN IV Trochlear nerve does what to the eye

A

Depresses Abduct Internally rotates eye

91
Q

CN VI does what?

A

ABducts the eye - moves eye away from midline

92
Q

What 2x nerves innervate swallowing?

A

IX, X

93
Q

If there is damage to the vagus nerve which happens to the Uvula?

A

It deviates away from the side of the lesion.

94
Q

What nerve emerges from the pre-olivary sulcus?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

95
Q

What nerve(s) emerge from the post-olivary sulcus?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) CN X (Vagus), CN XI (accessory nerve)

96
Q

Where does the nucleus for the vagus nerve (CN X) originate?

A

Medial aspect of the Central Grey Matter of the Medulla Called the Dorsal Nucleus of Vagus

97
Q

What does the Nucleus of Solitary Tract do?

A

Taste and other visceral sensory information.

98
Q

What three nuclei are in the Central Grey Matter of the Medulla

A

CN X (Dorsal Nucleus of Vagus) CN XII (Hypoglossal Nucleus) Nucleus Solitarius

99
Q

Where is the Nucleus Ambiguous.

A

In the Open Medulla.

100
Q

What does the Nucleus Ambiguous do? What CN contribute to this? Fiber Types

A

Swallowing, Vocalization CN IX, X Somatic Motor (Efferent)

101
Q

What regulates the IML?

A

The Descending hypothalamo-spinal sympathetic tract

102
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome affects what? What Artery?

A

Anterior Spinal Artery

  • Pyramids - Contralateral spastic Hemiparesis
  • Medial Lamniscus - Contralateral Vibratory and tactile sense
  • Hypoglossal Nucleus - Ipsilateral flaccid hemiparesis (Tongue points to side of lesion)
103
Q

What two nerves exit the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A

VIII (VestibuloChoclear) and VII Facial Nerve.

104
Q

What is affected in Lateral medullary Syndrome of Wallenburg

A
  • Spinal Tract
  • Trigeminal Nerve - Ipsilateral Face Numbness
  • Inferior Cerebellar Penuckle- Ipsalateral Ataxia
  • Lateral Spinothalamic Tract- Contralateral Hemibody numbness
  • Vestibular Nuclei - Vertigo
  • Nucleus Ambiguus - dysphagia, dysarthria
  • Descending Sympathetic Tract- Horner Syndrome
105
Q

What Nerves emerge from the Pontomedulary Junction?

A

CN VI, VII, VIII

106
Q

What nerve emerges from the Pons

A

CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)

107
Q

What Nuclei are contained in the Tegmentum of lower Pons

A
  • abducens nucleus (VI)
  • facial nerve nucleus (VII)
  • vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
108
Q

What forms the Facial Colliculus?

A

The Facial axions looping around the Abducens Nucleus

109
Q

What Nerves are in the Tegmentum of the Mid-Pons

A
  • the ‘chief’ or ‘pontine’ nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
  • the motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
110
Q

Millard-Gubler syndrome

A

Symptoms result from the functional loss of several anatomical structures of the pons, including the sixth (VI) and seventh (VII) cranial nerves and fibers of the corticospinal tract.

  • Ipsilateral facial paralysis (due to interruption of the facial nerve)
  • Ipsilateral lateral rectus palsy (due to interruption of the abducens nerve)
  • Contralateral hemiplegia (due to interruption of the corticospinal tract)
111
Q

Millard-Gubler syndrome is a lesion where? What Artery?

A

Lesion in the ventral pons

Artery: anterior inferior cerebellar artery

112
Q

What is the Tentorial Notch?

A

Where the tentorum ceribeli dural folds meet. Can be a place of swelling and can compress the Midbrain and the CN III, IV.

113
Q

Where does CN III emerge

A

In the interpeduncular fossa

114
Q

Where does CN IV exit the brainstem?

A

Dorsal side of Midbrain

115
Q

What do the superior Coliculi do

A

Visual reflexes

116
Q

What do the inferior Coliculi do?

A

Auditory reflexes. Determine location of sound.

117
Q

What Nuclei are in the Midbrain

A
  • CN III - oculomotor- Motor and
  • edinger westfall (parasympathetic)
  • CN IV - Trochlear - *loops around to the contralateral side*
118
Q

What are the inferior and superior of colliculi known as?

A

corpora quadrigemina

Contribute to the TectoSpinal Tract - Blinking and head turning reflexes.

119
Q

What does the Periaqueductal Gray Matter do?

A

Secretes pain limiting endorphines.

120
Q

Ventral midbrain syndrome- Weber’s

A

Affects corticospinal tract and fibers of oculomotor nerve Contralateral hemiparesis Ipsilateral CN III palsy

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