Spinal Cord Injury I [Exam Prep]

Question 1

What were the results of the review article by Berlowitz (2013) regarding respiratory muscle training in cervical SCI?

Answer 1

Respiratory muscle training can improve vital capacity and respiratory muscle strength in cervical SCI

However, there was no evidence of carryover beyond the training period

Question 2

What did the systematic review by Harvey (2009) conclude regarding physical interventions after SCI?

Answer 2

There is initial evidence for the effectiveness of fitness training, strength training, gait training and acupuncture for people with SCI

However, there is a need for high quality trials to determine the effectiveness of all physical interventions commonly used in clinical practice

Question 3

What did the systematic review by Katalinic (2011) regarding stretching for neurological populations?

Answer 3

Regular stretch does not produce clinically important changes in joint mobility, pain, spasticity or activity limitation in people with neurological conditions

Question 4

What did the review article by Reid (2009) summarise about secretion removal in SCI?

Answer 4

Evidence the supported the use of secretion removal techniques in SCI, while positive, is limited and mostly of low level.

Treatments that increase respiratory muscle force show promise as effective airway clearance techniques

Question 5

What did the systematic review by Sheel (2008) summarise about respiratory muscle training in SCI?

Answer 5

There is insufficient data to STRONGLY SUPPORT the use of exercise training or IMT for improved respiratory function in people with SCI

Although there was some efficacy of both treatments, the evidence was not of best possible quality

Question 6

Spinal Cord Injury impairs _______ control of respiratory muscles, and in turn respiratory function

Answer 6

Neuronal

Question 7

What happens with lesions above C3?

Answer 7

Complete paralysis of all muscles involving respiration; requires immediate and on-going ventilatory support in order to sustain life

Question 8

We must remove the _______ for autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 8

The noxious stimuli

Question 9

Autonomic Dysreflexia refers to

Answer 9

An over-active autonomic nervous system, which causes an abrupt onset of excessively high blood pressure

Question 10

The immediate treatment for Postural Hypotension is to

Answer 10

Lie the patient down and raise the feet or tilt the wheel chair backwards

Question 11

Postural hypotension is particularly pronounced..

Answer 11

When patients first mobilise after injury, especially if there was an extended period of prior bedrest

Question 12

Postural hypotension is due to

Answer 12

A loss of supra-spinal control of the sympathetic nervous system and the resultant inability to regulate blood pressure

Question 13

C5 =

Answer 13

Elbow Flexors

Question 14

C7 =

Answer 14

Elbow Extensors

Question 15

C6 =

Answer 15

Wrist Extensors