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Phys Dys > Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

1
Q

At a C1-C3 injury, what movements are possible?

A

Neck flexion
Neck extension
Neck rotation

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2
Q

What are the functional implications of a c1-c3 injury?

A
  1. Ventilator dependent
  2. Total assist on all ADL/IADLs
  3. Level of communication depends on set-up
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3
Q

What muscles are innervated at a C1-C3 injury?

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid
  2. cervical paraspinal,
  3. Neck accessories
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4
Q

What movements are possible at a C4 injury?

A 
Neck flexion,
Neck Extension
Neck Rotation
Scapular elevation
Inspiration
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5
Q

What are the muscles innervated at a C4 injury?

A

Upper trap,
diaphragm,
cervical paraspinal

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6
Q

What are the functional implications at a C4 injury?

A
  1. May breath without a ventilator
  2. Total Assist on ADLs and IADLs
  3. Level of communication depends on setup
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7
Q

Which movements are possible at a C5 injury?

A
  1. Shoulder flexion
  2. Shoulder abductions
  3. Shoulder extension
  4. Elbow flexion
  5. Elbow supination
  6. Scapular adduction
  7. Scapular abduction
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8
Q

Which muscles work at a C5 injury?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Biceps brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. rhomboids
  5. serratus anterior(partial)

“Shoulder movers, elbow flexors”

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9
Q

What are the functional implications of a C5 injury?

A
  1. Low indurance/vital capacity
  2. Total assist on LE ADLs and IADLs
  3. Some to total assist in eating, UE dressing, grooming, transportation
  4. May be able to operate mannual w/c
  5. Some assist to independent after setup for communication
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10
Q

Which muscles work at C6 injury?

A
  1. Clavicular pectoralis,
  2. extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  3. Serratus anterior
  4. Lattissimus Dorsi

“Forearm supinators and wrist extensors”

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11
Q

Which movements are important for C6 injury?

A
  1. Scapular protraction
  2. Some horizontal adduction
  3. Forearm supination
  4. Radial wrist extension
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12
Q

What are the functional implications for a C6 injury?

A
  1. Low endurance and vital capacity
  2. Some to total assist for bowel, bladder, bed mobility, LE bathing and homemaking tasks
  3. Some assist to independent for W/C transfers on level surfaces and light meal prep
  4. Independent with equipment in grooming and pressure relief
  5. .Independent in eating(except cutting), dressing and bathing upper body, manual w/c indoors and communication
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13
Q

What are the movements at C7-C8

A
  1. Elbow extension
  2. Ulnar wrist extension
  3. Wrist flexion
  4. Finger flexion and extension
  5. thumb flexion, extension and abduction
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14
Q

What muscles are available at a C7-C8 injury?

A
  1. Lats
  2. Sternal Pecs
  3. triceps
  4. pronator quadratus
  5. extensor carpi ulnaris
  6. flexor carpi radialiss
  7. flexors digitorum and profundus and superficialis
  8. abductor pollicis
  9. Some lubricals

“Elbow extensors, wrist movers, and finger flexors”

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15
Q

What are the functional implications at available at C7-C8 injury?

A
  1. Low endurance and vital capacity
  2. Some to total assist for bowel
  3. Some assist to independent for bladder, bed mobility, uneven W/C transfers, LE dressing and bathing, standing, complex meal prep and heavy house cleaning
  4. Independent for level W/C transfers, pressure relief/positioning, eating, dressing and bathing UE, grooming, manual W/C indoors, communication, transportation with modified van, light meal prep/homemaking
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16
Q

AT what SCI injury levels is full UE function spared?

A

T1- Little finger abductors

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17
Q

How much assistance is needed for a person with a C7-8 level SCI needed for transfers?

A

Some assist to Independents

18
Q

What are the five senses used to determine level of injury in SCI?

A
  1. Two point discrimination
  2. kinesthesia
  3. Proprioception
  4. Pain
  5. Light touch
19
Q

What are some important AD for ADLs at a C1-C4 injury?

A

1.FOR THE CAREGIVER
handheld shower
Shampoo tray
Padded reclining shower chair or commode chair

20
Q

What are important AD for ADLs at C5 injury?

A

Padded tub transfer bend or commode chair
Handheld shower
Long opponens splint with adaptive devices

21
Q

What important AD for ADLs are used at a C6 injury?

A
  1. Universal cuff
  2. Handles or U cuffs for dressing
  3. Button hooks, loops on zippers
  4. Padded tub transfer bench or shower chair, handheld shower
22
Q

What important AD for ADLs are used at C7-8 injury?

A
  1. Sock aid, reacher, shoe horn

2. padded tub, transfer tub bench, hand held shower head

23
Q

what important AD for ADLs are used at T1-9 injury?

A

1.Padded tub transfer or shower chair, handheld shower

INDEPENDENT FOR ALL OTHER ADLs

24
Q

What important AD for ADLs are used at T10-S5 injury?

A

Padded transfer bench, handheld shower

25
Q

What are the symptoms of heterotropic ossification?

A

Swelling
warmth
Decreased ROM
Occurs 1-4 months after injury

26
Q

What are the tx for heterotropic ossification?

A

Medication

Maintaining ROM

27
Q

What is A in the Asia Impariment scale mean?

A

Complete: NO motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5

28
Q

What below the does B in the AIS mean?

A

Incomplete: Sensory function is preserved NO motor below the neurological level and includes sacral segments S4-S5

29
Q

WHat does the C mean in AIS?

A

Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below teh neurological level and more than half of key mucles below the neurological level have a muscle grade less than three

30
Q

What does the D mean in AIS?

A

Incomplete: Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of the key muscles below the neurological level have a muscle grade of 3 or more

31
Q

E in AIS?

A

Normal: Motor and sensory function is normal

32
Q

How long does spinal shock last?

A

24 hours to 6 weeks

33
Q

What is affected in spinal shock?

A

Bladder and bowel are atonic or flaccid
Deep tendon reflexes are decreased, and sympathetic functions disturbed

Decreased constriction of blood vessels, low BP, slower heart rate, and no perspiration below the level of injury

34
Q

What is the prognosis for complete lesions?

A

Total paralysis and loss of sensation below level of lesion

If there is no sensation or return of motor function below level of lesion 24-48 hours after injury, motor is less likely to return and partial to full return of function to one spinal nerve root level below the fraction can be gained and may occur in the first 6 months after injury

35
Q

What is the prognosis for incomplete lesions?

A

Some degree of preservation of sensory and motor nerve pathways below level of lesion,
Progressive return of motor function is possible,
frequently the longer it takes for recovery to begin, the less likely it will occur

36
Q

What is Central Cord Syndrome?

A

More damage occurs at the center of the cord than the periphery. Paralysis and sensory loss occur in UE more than LE.

OFten seen in elderly with spinal stenosis

37
Q

What is Brown Sequard Syndrome?

A

One side of cord is damaged,
typically due to a gunshot or knife wound,

Proprioception and motor control lost on teh same side as the injury

Sensory is lost on opposite side

38
Q

What is anterior spinal cord syndrome?

A

Injury to the anterior apinal atery or anterior are of cord. Loss of motor and sensory function. Proprioception is preserved

39
Q

What is cauda equina injury?

A

Injury to peripheral nerves. Often related to injury at L2 or below resulting in flaccid type paralysis.
Loss of motor and sensation is asymmetrical and contextual, but prognosis is better due to regeneration

40
Q

What is conus medullaris syndrome?

A

injury to sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots. Results in areflexic bladder, bowel and LE

Phys Dys (17 decks)

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