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Systems 2nd Year: MSK > spinal cord injuries > Flashcards

spinal cord injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of people with a fracture or dislocation will have SCI

A

15%

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2
Q

spinal cord injuries are most common in

A

Male > female

peak 20-29

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3
Q

most common cause of spinal cord injury

A

fall

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4
Q

Presentation of Complete Spinal cord Injury (5)

A
  1. No motor/sensory function distal to lesion
  2. No anal squeeze
  3. no sacral sensation
  4. Asia Grade A
  5. No chance recovery
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5
Q

Incomplete spinal cord injury presentation (2)

A
  1. Some function below site of injury

2. Not able to determine acutely as patient may be in spinal shock

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6
Q

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade A

A

Complete

No sensory or motor function preserved in S4-S5

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7
Q

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade B

A

Incomplete

Sensory but not motor preserved below level and extend through S4-S5

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8
Q

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade C

A

Incomplete

Motor function preserved below near level

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9
Q

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade D

A

Incomplete
Motor function preserved below neurologic level
majority of key muscles grade >3

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10
Q

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade E

A

normal motor and sensory function

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11
Q

What is Tetraplegia (2)

A

Partial or total loss of all four limbs and trunk

Loss of motor/sensory function in cervical segments of the spinal cord

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12
Q

Tetraplegia cause

A

Cervical Fracture

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13
Q

Results of Tetraplegia

A

Resp failure due to loss of innervation of diaphragm

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14
Q

Which nerve affected in loss of innervation to diaphragm in tetraplegia

A

C3-5 Phrenic Nerve

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15
Q

Spasticity affects what type of Spinal cord injury

A

spasticity

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16
Q

Spasticity Features Presentation (4)

A

Increased Muscle Tone
UMN Lesion
Spinal Cord and Above
Injury above L1

17
Q

What is Paraplegia (4)

A
  1. Partial or total loss of use of the lower-limbs
  2. Impairment or loss of motor/sensory function in thoracic, lumbar or sacral segments of the spinal cord
  3. Arm function spared
  4. Possible impairment of function in trunk,
18
Q

Paraplegia is caused by (2)

A

Thoracic/Lumbar fractures

Associated chest or abdominal Injuries

19
Q

Paraplegia what is affected (2)

A

Spasticity if injury of spinal cord (i.e. above L1)

Bladder/ Bowel function affected

20
Q

Central Cord Syndrome affects who

A

Older Patients

Hyperextension Injury

21
Q

Central Cord syndrome presentation (2)

A

Weakness of arms > legs

Perianal sensation & lower extremity power persevered

22
Q

Anterior cord syndrome is what type of injury (3)

A

Hyperflexion injury
Anterior Compression Fracture
Damaged Ant Spinal Artery

23
Q

Anterior Cord Syndrome Presentation

A

Fine touch and proprioception preserved

Profound weakness

24
Q

Brown Sequard Syndrome is what (3)

A

Hemi-section of the cord
Penetrating injuries
Paralysis on affected side (corticospinal)

25
Q

Brown Squared Syndrome Presentation

A

Paralysis on affected side (corticospinal)
Loss of proprioception and fine discrimination (dorsal columns)
Pain and temperature loss on the opposite side below the lesion (spinothalamic)

26
Q

How do Spinal Cord injuries typically present in circulation (5)

A 
IV fluids
Consider Neurogenic Shock
 - low BP and HR
 - Loss of sympathetic tone
 - Vasopressors
27
Q

How does spinal shock present (4)

A

Transient depression of cord function below level of injury
Flaccid paralysis
Areflexia
Last several hours to days after injury

28
Q

How does neurogenic shock present (5)

A 
Hypotension
Bradycardia 
Hypothermia
Injuries above T6 
Secondary to disruption of sympathetic outflow
29
Q

What is preferred for spinal surgery surgical fixation

A

pedicle screws

Systems 2nd Year: MSK (75 decks)

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