Lower Motor Neurone Injuries Flashcards
A motor unit is said to be
efferent
Where are anterior horn cells located
grey matter of spinal cord
where are cell bodies of sensory units found
posterior root ganglia
anterior motor roots are
ventral
posterior sensory roots are
dorsal
how does a spinal nerve exit vertebral column
via intervertebral foramen
What forms a tube around peripheral nerve
Schwann cell
Axons are coated with
endoneurlium
Fasciles (nerve bundles are covered with)
perineurium
a nerve is covered with
epineurium
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome affects
median nerve at wrist
sciatica affects
spinal root by IV disc
Morton’s neuroma affects
digital nerve in 2nd or 3rd web space of forefoot)
what happens in neuraparaxia
nerve stretched or bruised
reversible conduction block (local ischaemia and demyelination)
What happens in Axonotmesis
Endoneirum intact but disruption of axons
Stretched, Crushed or Blow
Wallerian Degeneration
Enough to recognise pain, temp, sharp and blunt
Peripheral nerves can do what
regenerate
What is Neurotmesis
complete nerve division laceration or avulsion no recovery unless repaired endoneural tubes disrupted poor prognosis
Closed nerve injuries associated with
Neuropraxis or Axontmesis
Surgery indicated for close nerve injuries when
After 3 months no recovery
Open nerve injuries treated with
early surgery
when does wallerian degeneration happen in open nerve injuries
distal portion undergoes degeneration 2-3 weeks after injury
What is wallerian degeneration in nerve injuries
initial death of axons distal to site of injury
Regeneration occurs at what rate after nerve injury
1mm/day
pain returns first
what type of nerve injury is worse proximal lesion or distal lesion
proximal
What test can monitor nerve recovery
Tinel Sign
Rule of Three for Surgery in Peripheral Nerve Injury
Immediate surgery within 3 days for clean and sharp injuries
Early surgery within 3 weeks for blunt/contusion injuries
Delayed surgery, performed 3 months after injury, for closed injuries.
