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Embryo > Spinal Cord Development > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Development Flashcards

1
Q

Development of the spinal cord begins with the ____ canal.

A

Neural tube-neural

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2
Q

Both ends of the developing spinal cord are ____ communicating with amniotic fluid.

A

Open

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3
Q

Neuropores close ____ day 25, ____ day 27.

A

Rostral

Caudal

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4
Q

Spinal cord starts at the level of the ____ part of somites.

A

4th

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5
Q

The lateral walls of the neural tube ____.

A

Thicken

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6
Q

Neural canal becomes a ____ central canal by week 9-10.

A

Small

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7
Q

Lateral walls of the spinal cord are made up of thick ____.

A

Neuroepithelium

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8
Q

The neuroepithelium is composed of 3 zones:

A

Ventricular
Marginal
Intermediate

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9
Q

Ventricular zone of neuroepithelium is aka:

A

Ependymal layer

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10
Q

Neuroepithelium differentiates into ___ types of cells.

A

2

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11
Q

Neuroepithelium differentiates into the following 2 types of cells:

A

Neuroblasts-neurons
Glioblasts-NCS supporting cells
Ependyma (becomes central canal after glioblast formation ceases)

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12
Q

Glioblasts form the following 2 types of glial cells:

A

Astrocytes

Oliogodendrocytes

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13
Q

Astrocyte formation from glial cells develop into the following 2 types:

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Fibrous astrocytes

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14
Q

Protoplasmic astrocytes are:

A

The gray matter of the CNS, make contact with capillaries

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15
Q

The fibrous astrocytes:

A

White matter of the CNS, also making contact with capillaries, scaring of the CNS

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16
Q

Astrocytes:

A

Multifunctional neurotransmitter production

Help form BBB, regulate extcell ion between neurons, form neuroskeletal CNS and involved in scaring of the CNS after injury.

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17
Q

Oligodendrocyte:

A

Form myelin in the CNS (similar to schwann cells in PNS)

Can cover multiple nerve cells unlike schwann cells

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18
Q

Microglia develop from ____ surround the CNS

A

Mesenchyme

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19
Q

Microglia appear in:

A

Gray and white matter

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20
Q

Microglia are ____ phagocytic cells.

A

Mononuclear

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21
Q

____ are the first and main form of immune response in the CNS.

A

Microglia

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22
Q

Marginal zone of neuroepithelium is the ___ part.

A

Outer

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23
Q

The marginal zone becomes ____ matter of the cord.

A

White

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24
Q

The marginal zone is made up of axons from the brain ____ bodies in the cord (ventricular zone) and spinal ____.

A

Nerve cell

Ganglia

25
Q

Intermediate zone of neuroepithelium forms as developing neurons from the ____ zone grow.

A

Ventricular

26
Q

Neuroepithelial cells produce ____ walls and ____ roof/floor plates.

A

Thick

Thin

27
Q

Thickening of the lateral walls of the spinal cord produces a ____.

A

Groove

28
Q

Dorsal and ventral ____ appear in the lateral walls of the spinal cord.

A

Sulcus limitans

29
Q

Dorsal plate of spinal cord lateral wall is called ____.

A

Alar plate

30
Q

Ventral plate of spinal cord lateral wall is called ____.

A

Basal plate

31
Q

The roof plate is located above the ____ plate.

A

Alar

32
Q

The floor plate is above the ____ plate.

A

Basal

33
Q

The alar plate forms the dorsal gray ____ which run the length of the spinal cord.

A

Columns

34
Q

In transverse sections the dorsal gray gray columns are the dorsal gray ____.

A

Horns

35
Q

Neurons in the dorsal gray columns are sensory tract ____ nuclei.

A

Afferent

36
Q

As the alar plates enlarge, the dorsal ____ forms.

A

Median septum

37
Q

Basal plate contains ____ and ____ gray columns.

A

Ventral

Lateral

38
Q

In transverse section of ventral and lateral gray columns, they are the ventral and lateral gray ____.

A

Horns

39
Q

Neurons in the ventral and lateral columns are motor tract ____ nuclei.

A

Motor

40
Q

Always remember ventral part of the spinal cord is ____ and dorsal is ____.

A

Motor

Sensory

41
Q

Spinal meninges develop from cells of the ____ and ____ between 20 and 35 days.

A

Neural crest

Mesenchyme

42
Q

Spinal meninge cells migrate to surround the ____ tube forming the primordial meninges.

A

Neural

43
Q

The external layer of the primordial meninge membranes thicken to form the ____.

A

Dura mater.

44
Q

The interal layer of the meningial membranes begins as the pia ____ layer.

A

Arachnoid

45
Q

The pia arachnoid layer is aka ____.

A

Leptomeninges

46
Q

Leptomeninges separate form fluid filled cavities called ____.

A

Subarachnoid space

47
Q

The dura mater and arachnoid ends at ____ in adults.

A

S2

48
Q

Pia mater continues to the ____ coccygeal segment.

A

1st

49
Q

At the 1st coccygeal segment, the ____ is present.

A

Filum terminale

50
Q

The filum terminale is the original end of the ____.

A

Spinal cord

51
Q

CSF forms week ____.

A

5

52
Q

CSF fills the ____.

A

Sub arachnoid space

53
Q

When the spinal cord first forms, the spinal nerves exit the cord adjacent to the ____.

A

IVF

54
Q

The ____ and the ____ of the spinal cord out growth the cord itself.

A

Meninges

Osseous structures

55
Q

At week 24, the end of the cord is at the level of ____.

A

S1

56
Q

At birth, the end of the cord is at ____.

A

L2-L3

57
Q

In adults, the cord ends at the ____ border of L1.

A

Inferior

58
Q

Because the spine outgrows the cord, the ____ and ____ nerve roots elongate so they can exit their IVF.

A

Lumbar

Sacral

59
Q

The lumbar and sacral nerve roots when elongated are called the ____.

A

Cauda equina

Embryo (4 decks)

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