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Embryo > Exam II Organogenetic Period Part III > Flashcards

Exam II Organogenetic Period Part III Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital system consists of urinary and genital systems which are ____.

A

Very closely related

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2
Q

Urinary system =

A

Water excertion

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3
Q

Organs of the urinary system include (4):

A

Kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra

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4
Q

Genital system =

A

Reproduction

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5
Q

Gential system consists of:

A

In/external genitalia

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6
Q

Differentiation of the urogenital system from the intermediate mesoderm occurs at the ____.

A

Urogenital ridge

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7
Q

There are ____ sets of kidneys in an embryo that develop in succession.

A

3

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8
Q

1st set of kidneys are rudimentary and called ____.

A

Pronephroi

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9
Q

2nd set of kidneys formed function briefly during the early fetal period and are called ____.

A

Mesonephroi

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10
Q

The 3rd set of kidneys formed which form into the permanent kidneys are called ____.

A

Metanephroi

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11
Q

The pronephroi (1st kidneys) are ____ transient structures.

A

Bilateral

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12
Q

The pronephori (1st) appear early in week ____ in the neck region.

A

4

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13
Q

Pronephori kidneys (1st) form ducts called ____ that run caudally and open into the cloaca.

A

Phronephric

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14
Q

The pronephori (1st) kidneys dengerate ____.

A

Soon

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15
Q

THe pronephric ducts remain and are used by ____.

A

2nd set of kidneys

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16
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys are large, elongated ____ organs.

A

Excretory

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17
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys appear late in week ____.

A

4

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18
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys form ____ to the pronephroi.

A

Caudally

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19
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys function as interim kidneys for ____ weeks.

A

4

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20
Q

The mesonphroi (2nd) kidneys contain ____ and ____.

A

Glomeruli

Mesonephric tubules

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21
Q

The mesonephroi (2nd) kidneys’ tubules open into ____.

A

Bilateral mesonephric ducts

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22
Q

Glomeruli are organelles for ____.

A

Filtration

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23
Q

The pronephric ducts convert into the ____.

A

Bilateral mesonephric ducts

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24
Q

The mesonephric ducts open into the ____.

A

Cloaca

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25
Q

The mesonephroi degenerate at the end of week ____.

A

12

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26
Q

The metanephroi (3rd) kidneys are the primordia of the ____.

A

Permanent kidneys

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27
Q

The permanent kidneys begin to develop in week ____.

A

5

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28
Q

The permanent kidneys become functional approximately ____ weeks later.

A

4

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29
Q

The kidneys develop from 2 sources:

A

Ureteric bud-diverticulum

Metanephorgenic blastemal-mesenchyme

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30
Q

utereric bud grows ____ from the mesonphric duct near its entrance into the cloaca.

A

Outwardly

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31
Q

As the ureteric bud elongates, it penetrates ____.

A

Metanephrogenic blastema

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32
Q

The metanephrogenic blastema is a metanephric mass of ____.

A

Mesenchyme

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33
Q

The ____ of the ureteric bud becomes the ureter.

A

Stalk

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34
Q

The cranial part of the bud undergoes repetitive ____, differentiating into the collecting tubules.

A

Branching

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35
Q

The first ____ tubules of the collecting tubules enlarge and become the major calices.

A

4

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36
Q

The second ____ generations of the collecting tubules form the minor calices.

A

4

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37
Q

The end of each arched collecting tubule induces clusters of mesenchymal cells in the metanephrogenic blastema to form small ____.

A

Metanephric vesicles

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38
Q

Metanephric vesicles become the future ____.

A

Glomeruli

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39
Q

From week 10, the number of ____ increases slowly at first and then more rapidly until about week 36.

A

Glomeruli

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40
Q

Initially, the kidneys lie close to each other in the ____.

A

Pelvis

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41
Q

As the abdomen and pelvis grow the kidneys grow gradually, move into the ____ and farther apart.

A

Abdomen

42
Q

The kidneys attain their adult position during the beginning of the ____ period.

A

Fetal

43
Q

The kidneys’ adult position is caused by growth of the embryo’s body ____ to the kidneys.

A

Caudal

44
Q

The bladder develops from the urogenital sinus which is divided into 3 parts:

A

Vesical part
Pelvic part
Phallic part

45
Q

Vesical part of bladder forms most of the urinary bladder and is ____ with the allantois (belly button)

A

Continuous

46
Q

The pelvic part of the bladder that becomes the ____ in the neck of the bladder.

A

Urethra, prostate part for men

47
Q

The phallic part of the bladder grows toward the ____ tubercle.

A

Genital

48
Q

The phallic part is the primordium of the ____ or ____.

A

Penis or clitoris

49
Q

Development of the bladder is ____ with the develop of the male and female reproductive systme.s

A

Closely

50
Q

The bladder develops mainly from the ____ part of the urogenital sinus.

A

Vesical

51
Q

The entire epithelium of the bladder is derived from the ____ of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus.

A

Endoderm

52
Q

As the bladder enlarges, ____ parts of the mesonephric ducts are incorporated into its dorsal wall.

A

Distal

53
Q

Initially, the bladder is ____ with the allantois (belly button) in the hindgut.

A

Continuous

54
Q

The allantois (belly button) constricts and becomes a ____, known as the urachus.

A

Fibrous cord

55
Q

The allantois (belly button) extends from the ____ to the ____.

A

Bladder

Umbilicus

56
Q

In infants and children, the urinary bladder is in the ____.

A

Abdomen

57
Q

The urinary bladder begins to enter the ____ at approximately 6 years of age.

A

Pelvis

58
Q

The urinary bladder does not enter the lower pelvis and become a ____ organ until after puberty.

A

Pelvic

59
Q

Mesonephric ridges appear at week ____.

A

5

60
Q

Mesonephric ridges are the site of the mesonephric ____.

A

Kidneys

61
Q

Mesonephric kidneys are the primordia of the ____.

A

Permanent kidneys

62
Q

Growth of the head ____ that of other regions.

A

Exceeds

63
Q

The excessive head growth is the result of the rapid development of ____ and ____.

A

The brain

Facial prominences

64
Q

At week 5, the face soon contacts the ____ prominence.

A

Heart

65
Q

Cervical ____ appear at week 5.

A

Sinus

66
Q

Overgrowth of arches 3,4,6 by arches 1,2 ____ by week 7.

A

Obliterated

67
Q

At week 6, sporadic movement begins, usually ____ by the mother.

A

Indictable

68
Q

Sporadic movement at week 6 is a ____ response to touch.

A

Reflex

69
Q

Digital rays begin to develop at week ____.

A

6

70
Q

Digital rays are the primordia of the ____.

A

Digits

71
Q

Upper limb first-fingers are called ____.

A

Hand plates

72
Q

Lower limbs develop ____ days later than the upper limbs.

A

4-5

73
Q

The auricular hillocks develop at week 6 and are the ____ part of the ear.

A

External

74
Q

At week 6, retinal pigment in the eye has formed giving the eye a relatively ____ appearance.

A

Large

75
Q

At week 6, the intestines enter the ____ part of the umbilical cord resulting in an umbilical herniation.

A

Proximal

76
Q

The umbilical herniation happens because the abdominal cavity is too small to accommodate the ____.

A

Rapidly growing intestines

77
Q

At week 6, the trunk begins to ____.

A

Straighten

78
Q

At week 6, the head is much larger than the body due to ____ development and bends over the heart prominence.

A

Rapid brain

79
Q

At week 6, when the head bends over the heart prominence, ____ are present.

A

Cerebral vesicles

80
Q

Carnegie stage 17 is approximately day ____, week ____.

A

43

6

81
Q

At week 7, notices form betwen the digital rays in the ____.

A

Hand plates

82
Q

At week 7, when the notches form between the digital rays in the hand plates the ____ region is visible.

A

Elbow

83
Q

At week 7, digital rays are ____ formed in the foot plates.

A

Clearly

84
Q

At week 7, eyelids are ____.

A

Forming

85
Q

At week 7, nipples are ____.

A

Visible

86
Q

At week 7, umbilical herniation of the midgut is ____.

A

Prominent

87
Q

At week 7, limbs extend ____.

A

Ventrally

88
Q

At week 8, ____ begins in the femur.

A

Primary ossifaction

89
Q

At week 8, hands and feet come together ____.

A

Ventrally

90
Q

At week 8, baby has ____ appearance.

A

Human

91
Q

At week 8, the head is very large, ____ the embryo.

A

Almost 1/2

92
Q

At week 8, the ____ region develops.

A

Neck

93
Q

At week 8, the eyelids ____.

A

Close

94
Q

At week 8, the intestines are still in the ____ portion of the umbilical cord.

A

Proximal

95
Q

At week 8, ____ take on their final shape.

A

Auricles

96
Q

At week 8, ____ genitalia develop.

A

External

97
Q

At week 8, external genitalia ____ differentiate sex.

A

Cannot

98
Q

Estimation of embryonic age:

A 
Ext characteristics = development
Measurement of length
Greatest length
Crown-rump length
Crown-heel length
99
Q

Embryonic age estimation:
G-L=
C-R=
C-H=

A

Greatest length
Crown-rump
Crown-heel

100
Q

Estimation of gestational age has 2 reference points:

A

Onset of last normal menstrual period (LNMP)

Probable time of fertilization (conception)

101
Q

Ultrasound assessment of the size of the chorionic sac gives ____ day +/- 2 day deduction to determine fertilization age.

A

14

Embryo (4 decks)

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