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Anatomy > Spinal Cord and Meninges > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What is the CNS comprised of?

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

What part of the CNS connects the brain and spinal cord?

A

brain stem

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3
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

medulla oblangata

pons

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4
Q

What covers the brain, spinal cord, and brain stem and contains CSF?

A

meninges

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5
Q

What is contained in the meninges?

A

CSF

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6
Q

Are afferent structures sensory/motor?

A

sensory

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7
Q

Are efferent structures sensory/motor?

A

motor

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8
Q

What are the different structures within the sensory/afferent spinal cord/nerves?

A

dorsal horn
dorsal root ganglia
ascending corticospinal pathways
axons from body traveling to dorsal root and dorsal horn

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9
Q

What are the different structures within the motor/efferent spinal cord/nerves?

A

ventral horn
lateral horn
descending corticospinal pathways
axons from ventral and lateral horn traveling out to body

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10
Q

Do the dorsal and ventral horn contains gray or white matter?

A

gray

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11
Q

What makes up the gray matter in the dorsal and ventral horns?

A

cell bodies

unmeylinated

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12
Q

Do the ascending and descending corticospinal pathways contain gray or white matter?

A

white

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13
Q

What makes up the white matter in the ascending and descending corticospinal pathways?

A

myelinated axons

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14
Q

Where do axons travel from and to in afferent structures?

A

from body to dorsal root and dorsal horn

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15
Q

Where do axons travel from and to in efferent structures?

A

from ventral and lateral horn to body

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16
Q

Which roots are in the spinal cord?

A

mix of dorsal and ventral

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17
Q

Is the intervertebral disk ventral or dorsal?

A

ventral

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18
Q

number of nerves in the cervical vertebra

A

8 (C1-C8)

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19
Q

number of nerves in the thoracic vertebra

A

12 (T1-T12)

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20
Q

number of nerves in the lumbar vertebra

A

5 (L1-L5)

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21
Q

number of nerves in the sacral vertebra

A

5 (S1-S4)

5th sacral and coccygeal nerves pass through the sacral hiatus

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22
Q

What protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebrae
ligaments (hold vertebrae together)
muscles (stabilize)
CSF

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23
Q

How do the meninges protect the spinal cord

A

absorb shock

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24
Q

How many segments/pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31 pairs

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25
Q

outermost meningeal layer

A

dura mater

26
Q

middle meningeal layer

A

arachnoid mater

27
Q

innermost meningeal layer

A

pia mater

28
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

subarachnoid space

29
Q

Purpose of the denticulate ligament

A

anchor SC to dura mater - keeps it in place

30
Q

what is the toughest meningeal layer?

A

dura mater

31
Q

paired extensions of pia mater that attach to the arachnoid and dura mater

A

denticulate (tooth-like)

32
Q

What do the denticulate ligaments anchor?

A

spinal cord laterally in the dural sac

33
Q

Where are the denticulate ligaments as they leave the dural sac?

A

run between the ventral and dorsal rootlets of SC

34
Q

contents of epidural space

A

extradural adipose tissue (fat)

internal vertebral venous plexus (Batson’s plexus)

35
Q

contents of subdural space

A
  • potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

- may be opened due to trauma/disease (subdural hematoma)

36
Q

contents of subarachnoid space

A

spinal veins and arteries
CSF
arachnoid trabeculae

37
Q

located from C5-T1

gives rise to cervical plexus and brachial plexus

A

cervical enlargement

38
Q

What are the cervical and brachial plexus?

A

groupings of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

39
Q

located in L1-S2

gives rise to lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

A

lumbar enlargement

40
Q

What are the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus?

A

groupings of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

41
Q

what are the 5 major anatomical features of the SC?

A 
conus medullaris
filum terminale internum
filum terminale externum
lumbar cistern
cauda equina
42
Q

terminal end of the SC (L1-L2 level)

A

conus medullaris

43
Q

pia mater extending from tip of conus medullaris to end of dural sac

A

filum terminale internum

44
Q

all dural layers fused together

anchors dural sac in sacrum; extradural

A

filum teminale externum

45
Q

enlargement of subarachnoid space from L2-S2

A

lumbar cistern

46
Q

L2-S5 and Co spinal nerve roots that form structure that looks like a horse tail in the lumbar cistern

A

cauda equina

47
Q

What causes the formation of cauda equina?

A

differential growth of spinal cord and vertebral column

48
Q

where can the conus medullaris be located?

A

anywhere in T12-L3

49
Q

rare but serious disorder in which the spinal nerve roots that comprise the _____ ___ become compressed and cause a characteristic pattern of neuromuscular and urogenital symptoms (gradual onset)

A

cauda equina

50
Q

Segmented spinal arteries arise from: (3)

A

subclavian artery
descending aorta
internal iliac artery

51
Q

What are the 3 arteries that arise from the subclavian artery?

A

vertebral artery
ascending cervical artery
deep cervical artery

52
Q

What are the 2 arteries that arise from the descending aorta?

A

posterior intercostal artery

lumbar artery

53
Q

What artery arises from the internal iliac artery?

A

lateral sacral artery

54
Q

The segmented spinal arteries contribute to arteries that run longitudinally from the brain stem to the conus medullaris: (2)

A

anterior spinal artery

paired posterior spinal artery

55
Q

Which artery does the anterior spinal artery arise from?

A

vertebral artery

56
Q

Which artery do the paired posterior spinal arteries arise from?

A

vertebral artery or cerebellar artery

57
Q

What happens to the segmented spinal arteries once they enter the intervertebral foramina?

A

split into anterior (2) and posterior (3) radicular arteries

58
Q

What the the anterior and posterior radicular arteries supply?

A

dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord

59
Q

The segmented spinal arteries give off which arteries

that anastomose?

A

segmental medullary arteries (4)

anterior spinal artery (5)

60
Q

What is the largest segmental medullary artery?

A

radicularis magna (artery of Ademkiewicz)

61
Q

Where does the radicularis magna arise and what does it supply?

A

lower thoracic or upper lumber region

supplies lower spinal cord including lumbar enlargement

Anatomy (7 decks)

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