Introduction to the Autonomic NS/ Organization of Parasympathetic Division Flashcards
What are the target tissues of visceral motor innervation:?
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
gland
Activities of visceral motor innervation tissues are under what type of control?
unconscious (involuntary)
How many neurons connect the CNS to the target tissue?
2
Visceral innervation is usually associated with _____ _____. However, there are some visceral structures in the ____ _____.
internal organs
body wall
What are some of the visceral structures in the body wall?
sweat glands
arrector pili muscles (smooth)
smooth muscle in skin and vessel walls
What are the 3 basic components to visceral motor innervation?
sympathetic innervation
parasympathetic innervation
enteric innervation (gut only)
Sympathetics and parasympathetics usually act __________, with a balance between them that is regulated by the ____.
antagonistically
brain
Most internal organs receive which types of innervation?
both - symp. and parasymp.
What regulates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation in internal organs?
the brain
The arteries to some internal organs receive only which type of innervation?
sympathetics (on/off)
What is an example of an internal organ whose arteries receive only sympathetic innervation?
KIDNEYS
Nearly all of the visceral structures in the body wall receive _______ innervation ONLY.
sympathetic
What are exceptions to sympathetic innervation only in visceral body wall structures?
external genitalia
What type of innervation do external genitalia receive?
sympathetic AND parasympathetic
Occurs at times when the body expends energy (“fight or flight”)
sympathic
occurs during intake and conservation of energy (“rest and digest”)
parasympathetic
sympathetic:
- _______ pupil
- Stimulates secretion of ____ glands
- _______ heart rate
- _______ strength of ventricular contractions
- _______ coronary vessels
- _______ bronchial passages
- _______ blood flow to skeletal muscles
- _______ blood flow to digestive organs
- _______ secretion by digestive glands.
- Stimulates secretion of ________
dilates sweat Increases Increases Dilates Dilates Increases Decreases decreases adrenaline
parasympathetic:
- _______ pupil
- Stimulates secretion of ____ and _____ glands
- _______ heart rate
- _______ strength of ventricular contractions
- _______ bronchial passages
- _______ blood flow to skeletal muscles
- _______ blood flow to digestive organs
- _______ secretion by digestive glands.
- Stimulates motility and secretion of ________
- _______ GI sphincters
- _______ urinary bladder
contracts lacrimal and salivary decreases decreases constricts decreases increases increases GI tract relaxes contracts
Both visceral sympathetics and parasympathetics use __-neuron pathways.
2
2-neuron pathways include a _____ neuron and a _____ neuron.
preganglionic
postganglionic
2-neuron pathways include a _____ where cell bodies are found outside of the CNS.
ganglion
What are the anatomical differences between sympathetics and parasympathetics?
- LOCATION of preganglionic cell bodies
- relative LENGTHS of preganglionic and postganglionic axons
- size and location of GANGLIA
What are the locations of preganglionic cell bodies in parasympathetics?
craniosacral outflow (either bran or S2-S4 levels of the spinal cord)
- extreme ends of the CNS
- cranial nerves = VAGUS NERVE
What are the locations of preganglionic cell bodies in sympathetics?
thoracolumbar outflow (T1-L2 levels of spinal cord)
Do any of the preganglionic cell bodies come from the brain/cranial nerves in sympathetics?
no
Which pathway has a longer preganglionic neuron?
parasympathetic
Which pathway has a ganglion in the target organ?
parasympathetic
Which pathway has a bigger ganglion?
sympathetic
Which nerve supplies parasympathetics to cervical mucosa (pharynx and larynx), all of the thoracic organs, and organs of the upper abdomen?
vagus nerve (CN X)
The vagus nerve supplies parasympathetics to:
cervical mucosa (pharynx and larynx) all of the thoracic organs organs of the upper abdomen
Which nerve supplies parasympathetics to the lower abdomen and the pelvis?
pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)
The pelvic splanchnic nerve supplies parasympathetics to:
lower abdomen
pelvis
is there an overlap between sympathetics and parasympathetics in the ANS?
no
