Intro to clinical anatomy Flashcards
What type of anatomy is also called topographical anatomy?
regional anatomy
This type of anatomy organizes the body by major segments or parts.
Regional (topographical)
What are the three approaches to studying anatomy?
clinical, regional, systemic
This type of anatomy focuses on the body’s organ systems
systemic anatomy
This type of anatomy includes regional and systemic anatomy.
Clinical anatomy (applied)
Type of anatomy where both regional and systemic anatomy are studied together from a STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL perspective in the context of the practice medicine/dentistry
Clinical anatomy
Anatomy that studies the body’s structure by focusing on a specific part/area/region
Regional anatomy
This system provides structure to the body and protects internal organs.
skeletal
This system consists of bones and cartilage.
skeletal
This system supports the body and allows it to move.
muscular
This system consists of skeletal muscles that act (Contract) to move or position parts of body, or smooth and cardiac muscle that propels, expels, or controls flow of fluids.
muscular
This system breaks down food and absorbs its nutrients.
digestive (alimentary)
This system consists of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.
digestive
This system takes in oxygen and releases waste gases.
respiratory
This system consists of air passages and lungs, diaphragm and larynx.
respiratory
This system controls sensation, thought, movement, and virtually all other body activities.
nervous
This system consists of the CNS (brain and spinal cord), and PNS (nerves and ganglia).
nervous
This system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to cells and carries away wastes.
Circulatory
This system consists of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system.
Circulatory
This system consists of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular
This system propels and conducts blood through the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients and hormones to cells and removing their waste products.
Cardiovascular
This system consists of lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic
This system withdraws excess tissue fluid (lymph) from the body’s interstitial (intercellular) fluid compartment, filters it through lymph nodes, and returns it to the blood stream.
Lymphatic
This system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Urinary
This system filters blood and produces, stores, and excretes urine (liquid waste).
Urinary
This system includes the gonads (ovaries and testes), oocytes (eggs) and sperms, ducts that transport them, and genitalia.
Reproductive
This system includes structures that secrete hormones and the thyroid gland.
Endocrine
This system is an extensive sensory organ that includes the skin and its appendages (hair, nail, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue)
Integumentary
An universal language and large part of medical terminology that have latin derivates and roots with English equivalents.
Anatomical Terminology
Terminologia anatomica
How are most anatomical structures named?
location, function, shape
What is anatomical position?
Head, eyes, toes facing anteriorly (forward)
Arms adjacent to sides with palms facing ANTERIORLY
Lower limbs close together with feet parallel
Plane that divides that body into right and left halves
median plane
Plane that is parallel (vertical) to the median plane that divides the body into sections
sagittal plane
Vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections
Frontal (coronal) plane
Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts
Transverse plane
Near the surface
superficial
muscles of the arm are __ to its bone
superficial
between a superficial and deep structure
intermediate
the biceps muscle is ___ between the skin and the humerus
intermediate
farther from surface
deep
the humerus is __ to the arm muscles
deep
nearer to the median plane
medial
the 5th digit (little finger) is on the __ side of the hand
medial
farther from median plane
lateral
the 1st digit (thumb) is on the. __ side of the hand
lateral
nearer to the back
posterior (dorsal)
the heel is __ to the toes
posterior
nearer to head
superior (cranial)
the heart is __ to the stomach
superior
nearer to the front
anterior (ventral)
the toes are __ to the ankle
anterior
farther from trunk or point of origin
distal
wrist is __ to elbow
distal
nearer to trunk or point of origin
proximal
elbow is __ to wrist
proximal
Paired structures having right and left members (kidneys; both sides)
bilateral
one side (spleen)
unilateral
same side
ipsilateral
opposite side
contralateral
bending or decreasing angle between bones or parts of body
flexion
straightening or increasing angle between bones or parts of body
extension
flexion at ankle joint (walking up hill)
dorsiflexion
bends foot and toes toward ground (standing on toes)
plantarflexion
extension of limb or part beyond normal limit
hyperextension
moving away from median plane
abduction
moving toward medan plane
adduction
circular movement involving sequential flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
circumduction
turning or revolving part of body around it longitudinal axis
rotation
pad of 1st digit is brought to another digit pad
opposition
movement of the
1st digit from the position of opposition back to its anatomical position
reposition
movement anteriorly (forward) as in the mandible (chin), lips, or tongue
protrusion (protraction)
movement posteriorly
(backward), as in the mandible, lips, or tongue.
retrusion (retraction)
raises or moves part superiorly
elevation
lowers or moves part inferiorly
depression
rotates the radius medially so that the palm of the hand
faces posteriorly and its dorsum faces anteriorly.
pronation
opposite rotational movement, rotating
the radius laterally and uncrossing it from the ulna, returning the pronated
forearm to the anatomical position.
supination
no two organisms of same species are completely identical in terms of anatomy; there will be differences in size, shape, and sometimes location of anatomical features
anatomical variation
