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Anatomy > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
ganglia

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3
Q

collection of neuron cell bodies OUTSIDE the CNS

A

ganglion

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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6
Q

Where does information flow in sensory (afferent) innervation?

A

environment –> CNS

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7
Q

Where does information flow in motor (efferent) innervation?

A

CNS –> muscle and glands

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8
Q

Which part of a neuron carries impulse out to muscle to contract?

A

axon

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9
Q

Which neuron has a cell body between 2 axon ends and forms a ganglion with other cell bodies?

A

sensory neuron

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10
Q

Somatic innervation concerns the ___ ___.

A

body wall

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11
Q

2 examples of somatic innervation

A

skeletal muscle
skin
bone

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12
Q

Visceral innervation concerns the ____ _____.

A

internal organs

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13
Q

3 examples of visceral innervation

A

heart
lungs
GI tract

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14
Q

T/F: Functional dichotomies of the nervous system do not intersect.

A

false: they do intersect

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15
Q

T/F: Both somatic and visceral innervation contain sensory AND motor neurons.

A

TRUE
body wall: (somatic sensory + somatic motor)
internal organs: (visceral sensory + visceral motor)

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16
Q

What is the target tissue of somatic motor innervation?

A

skeletal muscle (diaphragm included)

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17
Q

Is somatic motor innervation conscious/unconscious?

A

conscious (voluntary)

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18
Q

How many neurons in somatic motor innervation and what do they connect?

A

one

CNS –> target muscle

19
Q

Somatic sensory innervation carries information about the internal/external environment?

A

external

20
Q

Where does somatic sensory innervation carry information from?

A

skin

musculoskeletal system

21
Q

Is somatic sensory innervation conscious/unconscious?

A

conscious

22
Q

How many neurons in somatic sensory innervation and what do they connect?

A

one

site of stimulus –> CNS

23
Q

Name the 5 examples of somatic sensory stimuli:

A
  • pain (cutting, tearing, crushing, inflammation, burning-heat/chemical)
  • temperature
  • touch
  • pressure
  • vibration

STIMULI THAT CAN BE FELT BY THE SKIN

24
Q

Division of the mesoderm that gives rise to bone, skeletal muscle, and dermis

A

paraxial mesoderm

25
Q

How many pairs of somites does the paraxial mesoderm have?

A

37 pairs of somites

26
Q 
37 pairs of somites:
\_\_ occipital
\_\_ cervical
\_\_ thoracic
\_\_ lumbar 
\_\_ sacral
\_\_ coccygeal
A 
4
8
12
5
5
3
27
Q

How many pairs of somitomeres are there?

A

7

28
Q

What does the epaxial dermamyotome give rise to?

A

intrinsic (deep) back muscles and dermis that covers them

NOTHING ELSE

29
Q

What does the hypaxial dermamyotome give rise to?

A

all other skeletal muscles and dermis below the neck including limbs

30
Q

What is required for each individual somite? (2)

A

innervation

blood supply

31
Q

Do epaxial and hypaxial dermamyotomes have combined/separate innervation and blood supplies?

A

separate

32
Q

In what way is the spinal cord segmented?

A

functionally

33
Q

What does each level of the spinal cord have that serves the tissues that originate from the same level, including the somite pair?

A

cell bodies

34
Q

Each somite pair is associated with what?

A

pair of spinal nerves

35
Q

How are spinal nerves numbered?

A

superior –> inferior

36
Q

What are the names and numbers of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves?

A 
8 cervical (C1-C8)
12 thoracic (T1-T12)
5 lumbar (L1-L5)
5 sacral (S1-S5; S5= dermatome only)
1 coccygeal (Co1 = dermatome only)
37
Q

What components do all spinal nerves have?

A

somatic sensory components
somatic motor components (not S5 or Co1)
carry sympathetic axons

38
Q

In which spinal nerves are parasympathetics found?

A

S2-S4

39
Q

What are the 2 spinal nerves that do not have sensory motor components?

A

S5

Co1

40
Q

In somatic motor innervation to the body wall, there is a __-neuron pathway between the spinal cord and the target, which is _____ _____.

A

one

skeletal muscle

41
Q

Where are cell bodies located in the spinal cord?

A

ventral horn (gray matter)

42
Q

How do somatic motor neurons leave the spinal cord?

A

via VENTRAL ROOTS of spinal nerves

43
Q

Because the muscles supplied by a spinal cord segment supply muscle from different embryonic primordia, each spinal nerve has to branch into a _____ _____ and a _____ _____.

A

dorsal ramus

ventral ramus

44
Q

Intrinsic (deep) back muscles are derived from ____ dermamyotomes and are supplied by ___ rami;
all other skeletal muscles below the head are derived from ____ dermamyotomes and are supplied by ____ rami.

A

epaxial
dorsal
hypaxial
ventral

Anatomy (7 decks)

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