Spinal Cord

Question 1

How is a bundle of neurones termed differently in the CNS vs PNS

Answer 1

Tract, nerve

Question 2

How is a body of axons termed differently in CNS v PNS

Answer 2

Nucleus, Ganglion

Question 3

A branch of an axon is a

Answer 3

collateral

Question 4

Briefly outline neural tube formation

Answer 4

1. Neural plate epithelium
2. Epithelium is folded to form a groove
3. Neural crest + Neural tube cells

Question 5

What occurs when neural tube doesn’t close?

Answer 5

Anencephaly and spinal bifida

Question 6

Which vitamin helps with neural tube formation?

Answer 6

Folic acid

Question 7

What are the different meninges?

Answer 7

1. Dura
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia

Question 8

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 8

CSF - allows CNS to float

Question 9

What connects pia and arachnoid layers?

Answer 9

Denticulate ligament

Question 10

What are the segments of the spinal cord named after?

Answer 10

The spinal nerve to which they give rise

Question 11

Name segments and lengths of spinal cord from top to bottom

Answer 11

1. Cervical 1-8
2. Thoracic 1-12
3. Lumbar 1-5
4. Sacral 1-6
5. Coccygeal

Question 12

At which segment and number does the spinal cord end and how does this differ from at birth

Answer 12

L1 and L3 at birth

Question 13

Cervical enlargement extends from

Answer 13

C5 - T1

Question 14

Cervical enlargement is due to

Answer 14

large nerves which supply upper limbs

Question 15

Lumbar enlargement extends from

Answer 15

L1-S2

Question 16

What extends beyond the end of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

Nerve roots

Question 17

Tapered lower end of spinal cord

Answer 17

Conus medullaris

Question 18

After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves branch out diagonally forming the

Answer 18

Cauda equina

Question 19

Cauda equina consists of

Answer 19

L2-L5 nerve pairs

Question 20

The rostral end of the neural tube expands to form

Answer 20

the brain

Question 21

2 outgrowths of of forebrain vesicles

Answer 21

1. Telencephalon

2. Diencephalon

Question 22

Choroid plexus

Answer 22

Plexus of cells that produce CSF - largely in lateral ventricles

Question 23

Brainstem function

Answer 23

Midbrain: vision, brain, hearing, eye + body movement
Medulla: passive body needs
Pons: motor control + sensory analysis

Question 24

Diencephalon includes

Answer 24

Hypothalamus + thalamus

Question 25

Cerebral aqueduct connect

Answer 25

3rd + 4th ventricle