Spinal Cord 1

Question 1

embryologically, what are alternative names for the dorsal an ventral horns?

Answer 1

alar- dorsal (sensory) basal- ventral (motor)

Question 2

what structure in the central canal divides the alar and basal plates?

Answer 2

sulcus limitans

Question 3

how does the central canal change in the caudal medulla?

Answer 3

expands to become the 4th ventricle

Question 4

where are the visceral motor and sensation nuclei located in the caudal medulla?

Answer 4

immediately medial and lateral to sulcus limitans

Question 5

reticular formation

Answer 5

an expansion of the interneurons in the caudal medulla that serve feeding, breathing, eye way protection, swallowing, etc. reflexes

Question 6

most lateral nuclei in brainstem do what?

Answer 6

receive somatic afferent (chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve) and special somatic senses (vestibular, cochlear)

Question 7

what nuclei are immediately lateral to the sulcus limitans

Answer 7

visceral sensation (solitary nucleus, gustatury nuclei)

Question 8

chief sensory nucleus of trigeminal

Answer 8

in pons, somatic sensory input from trigeminal

Question 9

spinal nucleus of trigeminal

Answer 9

in medulla, somatic sensory input from trigeminal, vagus, facial, glossopharyngeal

Question 10

solitary nucleus

Answer 10

vagal sensory from thorax/abdomen glossopharyngeal sensory carotid body/sinus

Question 11

nuclei immediately medial to sulcus limitans

Answer 11

visceral motor nuclei dorsal motor nuclei of vagus salivatory nuclei

Question 12

dorsal motor nuclei of vagus

Answer 12

parasympathetics of upper thoracis and abdomen

Question 13

salivatory nuclei

Answer 13

parasympathetics to salivary and lacrimal glands

Question 14

medialmost cranial nerve nuclei

Answer 14

somatic motor hypoglossal, abducens. trochlear, and oculomotor nuclei

Question 15

location of motor nuclei to pharyngeal arches

Answer 15

medial and ventral of sulcus limitans

Question 16

nucleus ambiguus

Answer 16

located in medulla, pharyngeal arch nuclei muscles of the larnyx, pharynx, and soft palate

Question 17

facial nucleus

Answer 17

pharyngeal arch nuclei innervate muscles of facial expression

Question 18

motor trigeminal nucleus

Answer 18

pharyngeal arch nuclei, muscles of masticatino mid medulla

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

damage to the vestibular nerve causes what?

Answer 24

disrupts balance and causes vertigo and nytsagmus

Question 25

inferior peduncle

Answer 25

fibers go from medulla to cerebellum

(except output to vestibular nuclei)

Question 26

middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 26

pons to cerebellum

Question 27

superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 27

output from cerebellum

symptom of damage is incoordination

Question 28

spinothalamic tract (anterolateral tract)

Answer 28

begins in and decussates in spinal cord. travels to thalamus

conveys pain and temp. damage results in loss in contralatreral sensation of these

Question 29

dorsal columns (medial lemniscus system)

Answer 29

conveys touch, vibration, propriosensation

fasciculus gracilis- signals from lower body

fasciculus cuneatus- signals from upper body

Question 30

corticospinal/corticobulbar tract

Answer 30

connects cortex w/ brainstem, permits voluntary movement

travels thru cerebral peduncles and pyramids

bulbar- tracts thst synapse w/ cranial nerve nuclei (contralateral except facial)

spinal- keep going thru spinal cord and do voluntary movement. damage causes weakness and unwanted reflexes

Question 31

hypothalamospinal tract (descending sympathetic)

Answer 31

damage causes drooping of upper eyelid, pupil constriction, and loss of sweating on thats side of the face

(horners syndrome)

Question 32

medial longitudinal fasciculas

Answer 32

connects abducens nucleus w/ oculomotor nucleus to coordinate conjugate gaze (looking to the side)

damage causes internuclear opthalmoplegia

Question 33

spinal tract of trigeminal

Answer 33

pain/temp from trigeminal nerve. terminate in upper cervical cord. do not decussate

Question 34

damage to cerebellar peduncles causes…?

Answer 34

middle- same as cerebellar damage- incoordination

inferior= vertigo, nystagmus

superior- incoordination