Sensation

Question 1

extroception

Answer 1

preception of stimuli originate outside body

Question 2

interoception

Answer 2

perception of stimuli originating inside the body

Question 3

proprioception

Answer 3

perception of body position and movement

Question 4

general somatic afferents

Answer 4

exteroceptors and proproiceptors

Question 5

general visceral afferents

Answer 5

interoception

Question 6

special visceral afferents

Answer 6

taste, olfaction

Question 7

special somatic afferent

Answer 7

teloception, vision, audition, vestibular

Question 8

more brain is devoted to sensation than motor

Answer 8

ok

Question 9

axon collaterals

Answer 9

branching of axons that may serve separate but related functions (synapse on modulatory neurons, synapse for reflexes)

Question 10

relay system

Answer 10

sensory info is conveyed via relays. relays allow for modulation of the signal

the chain of neurons are usually described as first order, second order, etc. usually at least 3

third order is often thalamus to cortex

Question 11

how is membrane permeability altered for photoreceptors

Answer 11

absorption of photons by rods and cones

Question 12

how is membrane permeability altered for chemoreceptors

Answer 12

ion channels open w/ specific ligand or w/ 2nd messenger

Question 13

how is membrane permeability altered for mechanorceptors

Answer 13

ion channels are linked w/ cytoskeleton

Question 14

how is membrane permeability altered for thermoreceptors

Answer 14

unclear- involves TRP family protein

Question 15

how is membrane permeability altered for nociceptor

Answer 15

unclear- respond to noxious temps, mechanical stess, and noxious chemicals. found in TRP family

Question 16

receptor potential

Answer 16

changes in the membrane potential in the “receiving” cell

receptor potential is graded based off intensity of the stimulus

Question 17

receptors in the superficial skin are unique. why?

Answer 17

the sensory transducer is a part of the axon itself.

in many systems, (ears, eyes) there is a specialized cell for sensory

Question 18

how is stimulus modality detected

Answer 18

“labelled lines”

sensory pathways that, once activated, result in the perception of that lines specific sensation

Question 19

how is stimulus intensity detected

Answer 19

frequency of APs along a given labelled line

Question 20

adaptation

Answer 20

response of a receptor to a constantly applied stimulus diminishes w/ time

receptors adapt at different rates

rapid adapters- RP generated at onset of stimulus and w/ removal of stimulus

slowly adapting- pain

Question 21

how is stimulus location detected

Answer 21

receptive field conveys location

Question 22

what cranial nerves convey gustatory signals

Answer 22

7 9 10

Question 23

classification systems

Answer 23

erlanger and gasser

A B C

A is fastest
C is slower

C is unmyelinated

Question 24

what are the largest and smallest neurons used for

Answer 24

large- proprioception

small- pain/ itch/ temperature