Spinal Anatomy

Question 1

Flexion of vertebral column (5)

Answer 1

Longus capitis and colli
Quadratus lumborum
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis

Question 2

Lateral flexion of the vertebral column (7)

Answer 2

Longus cervicis and thoracis
Iliocostalis cervicis and thoracis
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Intertransversarii
Quadratus lumborum

Question 3

Extension of vertebral column (8)

Answer 3

Erector spinae
-spinalis 
-longissimus
-iliocostalis
Deep muscles
-semispinalis
-multifidus
-rotatores

Question 4

Vertebral column (7)

Answer 4

33 bones
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral 
3 coccygeal 
Average length of column is 71cm in adult

Question 5

1st cervical vertebra (2)

Answer 5

Atlas

Articulates with occipital bone

Question 6

Primary curves (2)

Answer 6

Thoracic

Sacral

Question 7

Curvature of vertebral column (4)

Answer 7

Cervical convex anteriorly
Thoracic concave
Lumbar convex
Sacral concave

Question 8

Kyphosis (2)

Answer 8

Exaggerated thoracic curvature

Commonly with oa pts

Question 9

Lordosis (2)

Answer 9

Lumbar curvature increased

May occur when abnormal load carried at front eg during pregnancy

Question 10

Seventh cervical vertebra (1)

Answer 10

Vertebra prominens

Question 11

Slipped disc (1)

Answer 11

-annulus fibrosus remains in position but nucleus pulposus breaks through annulus fibrosus

Question 12

Spinal nerves (6)

Answer 12

31 pairs
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 13

Motor and sensory spinal nerves (2)

Answer 13

Motor ventral root

Motor dorsal root

Question 14

Boston lumbar brace (3)

Answer 14

Highest component is a lumbar pad
For use in lumbar curves (apex below l1) and lumbosacral curves
Usually requires a trochanter extension/pad and lumbar pad

Question 15

Boston thoracolumbar brace (3)

Answer 15

Highest component is a lower thoracic extension
For use with thoracolumbar curves (apex t12 and l1) and low thoracic curves (apex t10 and t11)
Usually requires a trochanter extension/pad, lumbar pad and low thoracic pad

Question 16

Boston thoracic brace (3)

Answer 16

Highest component is an axillary extension
For use with double curve, and thoracic curves with an apex up to t6
Usually requires a trochanter extension/pad, lumbar pad, low thoracic pad, and axillary extension

Question 17

Boston thoracic brace with hypokyphosis modification (2)

Answer 17

Same as the thoracic brace but with the addition of cephalad posterior extensions (rabbit ears) to encourage thoracic kyphosis
For use with severe thoracic hypokyphosis or thoracic lordosis

Question 18

Boston indication (1)

Answer 18

30-44 degrees and growth remaining

Question 19

Boston for juvenile scoliosis (1)

Answer 19

When curve exceeds 20 degrees