spiers chapter 21 (clem) Flashcards
James I
Son of Mary Queen of Scots,
Firmly believed in divine right of kings,
Fought Parliament over his rights and privileges,
Formed marriage alliance with France for son Charles after the failed marriage alliance with Spain
Divine right
the right that is supposedly given to a king or queen by God to rule a country.
James I of england tried to rule as
Absolute monarch
absolute monarch
a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in his or her own right or power
Charles I
succeeded his father, continued fights with puritans and Parliament, right to tax without consent of parliament, quartered soldiers without consent, lost head over differences with parliament
1628 petition of right, severely limited power of Charles in 4 ways
King forbidden to collect taxes without consent of parliament, king couldn’t imprison anyone without just cause, troops could not be quartered without consent, king cannot declare martial law unless war
quartered meaning
soldiers stationed somewhere (in homes?)
martial law meaning
military control
civil war sides
Parliament (round heads) and King (cavaliers)
civil war result
Parliament and puritans won gradually, cromwell leader of army became lord and protector of England, weakened English monarchy
charles II
Restored parliament, aided by his brother james who converted to catholicism when married to mary of modena
clarendon code
Re Established Anglican church, must be Anglican to do many things such as attend university and hold office
exclusion act
Whigs wanted to pass this so Catholics could not inherit the crown, opposed by tories
Habeus Corpus
principle established in bill as a compromise for the exclusion act, states a person cannot be held in prison without just cause
James II (Charles brother) Duke of York
Placed Catholics in positions of power, had “son” with mary of modena
glorious revolution
James overthrown in bloodless coup d’etat by william and mary
William and Mary
Took James throne, joint rulers, accepted bill of rights
1701 act of settlement
prevented a Catholic from seizing the throne
English Bill of Rights
King could not raise taxes, maintain army, or suspend laws without perm of parl, parl held frequently, individual rights
Writs of Assistance
Blank search warrants to combat smuggling
The Proclamation of 1763
Forbid colonial settlement west of Appalachian mountains to lessen conflict with native Americans
High church vs Low church
High was Anglican (Protestants/church of England), more emphasis on ritual than low
cause of civil war
Charles I wanted to be absolute monarch but parliament didn’t want that, Oppressive British policies like taxation without representation
intolerable acts
Boston closed as harbor until tea was paid, quartering allowed, town meetings only with perm of Gov.
common sense
Written by Thomas Paine and swayed opinion to independence
Battle of Lexington and Concord
Seen as beginning of american revolution
Declaration of Independence
Largely written by Jefferson, July 4th 1776
republic
form of government featuring representative democracy
Reasons independence won
France helped us, capable military leadership, patriots committed to their cause, long war
Confederation
loose union of independent states
Articles of Confederation weaknesses
- No taxing power
- No common currency
- Limited executive power very weak
