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spiers chapter 17 > spiers chapter 20 > Flashcards

spiers chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Astronomer - said solar system was heliocentric not geocentric (didn’t publish work - feared the church)

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2
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

studied movements of heavenly bodies

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3
Q

Kepler

A

Used Brahe’s date and higher math to confirm Copernicus’s hypotheses
orbits were elliptical not circular
speed of orbit wasn’t constant
Wasn’t afraid of church because he was a protestant

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4
Q

Galileo

A

Built telescope
discovered moons of Jupiter and rings of Saturn
Believed world was heliocentric - the church didn’t agree
Published ideas and recanted after threatened by church
worked on physics in pendulum and inertia

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5
Q

Bacon

A

developed the scientific method

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6
Q

Scientific Method

A

observation, hypothesis, experiment, repeat experiment to be considered scientific law, conclusion

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7
Q

Descartes

A

principles of analytical geometry
everything based on reason and logic
questioned everything except existence - “I think therefor I am”

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8
Q

Newton

A

Credited scientist
developed calculus
explained gravity
first to work on optics - behavior of light
explained mechanics - F=MA
Tried to explain the world in one scientific theory
fought with Leibniz over who discovered calculus

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9
Q

Leibniz

A

developed theory of monads basic work on Quantum Mechanics
contributions in many fields

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10
Q

Galen

A

how the human body works - dissected dogs
was wrong in a lot of things
Ex: liver digested food into blood

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11
Q

Vesalius

A

dissected human bodies
explained circulatory system

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12
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Discovered cells

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13
Q

Boyle

A

rejected ideas of alchemists

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14
Q

Joseph Priestley

A

discovered oxygen and how to make carbonated drinks

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15
Q

A Lavoisier

A

worked on combustion and physical chemistry

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16
Q

M Lavoisier

A

assistant to husband
illustrated his books
translated books for him

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17
Q

DuPont

A

Student of the Lavoisier
fled France to US founding the DuPont Company

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18
Q

Charles II created

A

Royal Society in London

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19
Q

Louis XIV started

A

French Academy of Science

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20
Q

Hobbes

A

wrote Leviathan - people with no gov
violence were natural- order was needed
People need to give freedom and live obediently to ruler

21
Q

Social Contract

A

right to rule rested in people

22
Q

Locke

A

against divine right of kings
people have natural rights
people can overthrow if they are being mistreated

23
Q

Natural Law

A

rights belonging to all humans at birth, includes “Life, liberty, and property”

24
Q

based everything on natural law

A

applied reason and method to law and life

25
Q

Deism

A

God made perfect world and then let it run according to laws he made

26
Q

Philosophes

A

enlightenment thinkers who spread new ideas, believed in Locke and Newton, disapproved of religious opposition

27
Q

Madame Pompadour

A

This mistress to Louis XV and host of popular salon

28
Q

The Encyclopedia

A

contained all information - edited by Denis Diderot

29
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Wrote The Spirit of Laws
separate powers of gov into branches
influenced structure of american gov

30
Q

Voltaire

A

Deist
used sarcasm to point out failings of world
frequent visitor of Bastille Prison
2nd time was exiled to England :)

31
Q

Role of Women

A

Led Salons
Ran homes

32
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

advocated equal opportunity for education

33
Q

Enlightened Despots

A

rulers who were enlightened

34
Q

Fredrick the Great of Prussia

A

abolished torture, established schools, promoted agriculture and industry

35
Q

Catherine the Great

A

reformed law and gov

36
Q

Maria Theresa

A

freed serfs, setup schools

37
Q

Classicism

A

A return to the ideals of Greece and Rome in intellectual thought, art and architecture

38
Q

Jacques-Louis David

A

used primary colors to give strength of message to painting

39
Q

English authors

A

Dryden, Pope, Milton

40
Q

French authors

A

Moliere, Racine, Corneille

41
Q

composers
violin and piano being perfected

A

Bach, Handel, Hayden, Mozart

42
Q

Rousseau

A

opposed excessive use of reason
blamed for the idea of the picnic
natural rights of man part of social contract but should be done for common good
submit to will if majority
idea of noble savage

43
Q

Noble Savage

A

natural state of man until corrupted by society

44
Q

Kant

A

reason can not explain god or faith
believed in Metaphysics

45
Q

Metaphysics

A

there exists a physical reality and separate spiritual reality

46
Q

Moravian Brethren

A
  • emotional and mystical side of christianity
47
Q

Methodism

A

England-Wesley-personal religious experience

48
Q

France religion

A

Catholic revival

49
Q

Hasidism

A

promoted mystical and religious zeal instead of ritual spread among jews

spiers chapter 17 (17 decks)

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