Spiers chapter 17 Flashcards
Motivations of European exploration?
God, Gold, Glory
Who created the compass?
chinese
Who created the astrolabe?
Arabs
What are cartographers?
Map Makers
Who created the grid system? (longitude and latitude?)
Ptolemy
what were caravels
Ships with multiple masts and lateen sails that could carry lots of cargo
What was the first European country to explore the Atlantic?
Portugal
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator
He sponsored the first Portuguese fleets to explore the west coast of Africa; founded a navigation school
who was Bartholomeu Dias
Portuguese explorer who rounded the southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope
who was vasco de gama
A Portuguese explorer who sailed to India, rounding the Cape of Good Hope
who was christopher columbus
An Italian explorer who sailed under the Spanish flag to the Bahamas in 1492.
what was the line of demarcation
A line drawn by the pope that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal
who was ferdinand magellan
First to circumnavigate the world (Portuguese)
who was Pedro Alveres Cabral
He was en route to India and landed on the coast of Brazil. Portuguese claimed Brazil under treaty.
who was Hernan Cortes
A Spanish Conquistador who attacked the Aztecs and captured Montezuma.
Who was the ruler of the Aztecs?
Montezuma
how did the Spaniards take down the Aztecs
They teamed up with local native enemies of the Aztecs.
who was Malinche
A native woman who translated for the Spanish, helping them communicate with Aztec enemies.
who was Francisco Pizarro
Conquistador who invaded the Inca Empire (present-day Peru)
Who was the ruler of the Inca Empire?
Atahualpa
what are Viceorys
Spanish monarchs that ruled local provinces in the Americas
What were Spain’s two goals for the New World?
-Acquire wealth
-Convert Natives to Christianity
Viceroys gave landowners the power to enslave ______________.
Native Americans
Millions of Natives died from___________.
Diseases
As the Native American population was depleted, who did the Spaniards turn to for labor?
The Africans
Who did the Dutch win their freedom from in the late 1500s?
Spain
Dutch ships were more ______________.
Efficient. They could carry more cargo and required smaller crews.
What became the largest commercial city?
Amsterdam (present-day New York City)
What was established to ensure close relations between the Netherlands and Asia?
Dutch East India Company
What became the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company?
Java (present-day Indonesia)
By the mid-1600s, Asian trade was under _____________ control.
Dutch
Who was Henry Hudson
A dutch explorer that claimed land along the Atlantic Coast of North America
Who was Giovanni De Verrazano?
He was hired to find a passageway to Asia, through America. He did not succeed.
Who was Jacques Cartier?
Claimed much of Eastern Canada for France
Who was Samuel de Champlain
Founded Quebec; first French settlement in the Americas
Who was Robert Cavalier
Claimed region surrounding the Mississippi River Valley for France
Who was John Cabot
English explorer that founded Newfoundland, Canada
What did English colonies have that others did not?
Representative government
Explain the Triangular Trade
-Ships left England with manufactured goods (weapons, cloth, rum, etc)
-Those good were traded for slave labor
-Slaves were sold for American goods and those goods were taken back to England
What was the middle passage?
The path along which enslaved Africans were taken to America. They were excruciatingly packed together and many died.
How many slaves were taken from Africa along the middle passage?
10-24 million
How many Africans died along the middle passage?
Approx. 20%
Who was Alfonso I?
Kongo King who led a rebellion in Africa’ Haiti won independence from France.
What were Joint-stock companies?
A low-risk way for merchants to invest in exploration by sharing the profits and only losing their original investments if things went under.
What is mercantilism?
The theory that a nation’s power depends on it’s wealth.
What is a balance of trade?
Having more imports than exports
