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Spiers chapter 17 > Spiers chapter 17 > Flashcards

Spiers chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivations of European exploration?

A

God, Gold, Glory

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2
Q

Who created the compass?

A

chinese

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3
Q

Who created the astrolabe?

A

Arabs

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4
Q

What are cartographers?

A

Map Makers

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5
Q

Who created the grid system? (longitude and latitude?)

A

Ptolemy

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6
Q

what were caravels

A

Ships with multiple masts and lateen sails that could carry lots of cargo

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7
Q

What was the first European country to explore the Atlantic?

A

Portugal

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8
Q

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator

A

He sponsored the first Portuguese fleets to explore the west coast of Africa; founded a navigation school

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9
Q

who was Bartholomeu Dias

A

Portuguese explorer who rounded the southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope

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10
Q

who was vasco de gama

A

A Portuguese explorer who sailed to India, rounding the Cape of Good Hope

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11
Q

who was christopher columbus

A

An Italian explorer who sailed under the Spanish flag to the Bahamas in 1492.

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12
Q

what was the line of demarcation

A

A line drawn by the pope that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

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13
Q

who was ferdinand magellan

A

First to circumnavigate the world (Portuguese)

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14
Q

who was Pedro Alveres Cabral

A

He was en route to India and landed on the coast of Brazil. Portuguese claimed Brazil under treaty.

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15
Q

who was Hernan Cortes

A

A Spanish Conquistador who attacked the Aztecs and captured Montezuma.

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16
Q

Who was the ruler of the Aztecs?

A

Montezuma

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17
Q

how did the Spaniards take down the Aztecs

A

They teamed up with local native enemies of the Aztecs.

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18
Q

who was Malinche

A

A native woman who translated for the Spanish, helping them communicate with Aztec enemies.

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19
Q

who was Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquistador who invaded the Inca Empire (present-day Peru)

20
Q

Who was the ruler of the Inca Empire?

A

Atahualpa

21
Q

what are Viceorys

A

Spanish monarchs that ruled local provinces in the Americas

22
Q

What were Spain’s two goals for the New World?

A

-Acquire wealth
-Convert Natives to Christianity

23
Q

Viceroys gave landowners the power to enslave ______________.

A

Native Americans

24
Q

Millions of Natives died from___________.

A

Diseases

25
Q

As the Native American population was depleted, who did the Spaniards turn to for labor?

A

The Africans

26
Q

Who did the Dutch win their freedom from in the late 1500s?

A

Spain

27
Q

Dutch ships were more ______________.

A

Efficient. They could carry more cargo and required smaller crews.

28
Q

What became the largest commercial city?

A

Amsterdam (present-day New York City)

29
Q

What was established to ensure close relations between the Netherlands and Asia?

A

Dutch East India Company

30
Q

What became the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company?

A

Java (present-day Indonesia)

31
Q

By the mid-1600s, Asian trade was under _____________ control.

A

Dutch

32
Q

Who was Henry Hudson

A

A dutch explorer that claimed land along the Atlantic Coast of North America

33
Q

Who was Giovanni De Verrazano?

A

He was hired to find a passageway to Asia, through America. He did not succeed.

34
Q

Who was Jacques Cartier?

A

Claimed much of Eastern Canada for France

35
Q

Who was Samuel de Champlain

A

Founded Quebec; first French settlement in the Americas

36
Q

Who was Robert Cavalier

A

Claimed region surrounding the Mississippi River Valley for France

37
Q

Who was John Cabot

A

English explorer that founded Newfoundland, Canada

38
Q

What did English colonies have that others did not?

A

Representative government

39
Q

Explain the Triangular Trade

A

-Ships left England with manufactured goods (weapons, cloth, rum, etc)
-Those good were traded for slave labor
-Slaves were sold for American goods and those goods were taken back to England

40
Q

What was the middle passage?

A

The path along which enslaved Africans were taken to America. They were excruciatingly packed together and many died.

41
Q

How many slaves were taken from Africa along the middle passage?

A

10-24 million

42
Q

How many Africans died along the middle passage?

A

Approx. 20%

43
Q

Who was Alfonso I?

A

Kongo King who led a rebellion in Africa’ Haiti won independence from France.

44
Q

What were Joint-stock companies?

A

A low-risk way for merchants to invest in exploration by sharing the profits and only losing their original investments if things went under.

45
Q

What is mercantilism?

A

The theory that a nation’s power depends on it’s wealth.

46
Q

What is a balance of trade?

A

Having more imports than exports

Spiers chapter 17 (17 decks)

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