Spermiogenesis Flashcards
differentiation stage of spermatids into mature
spermatozoa
Spermiogenesis
what are the three (3) features of spermiogenesis?
1.) an acrosome atop its compacted head,
2.) the midpiece containing a ring of mitochondria,
3.) a flagellum for motility
What are the four (4) phases of spermiogenesis?
1) Golgi phase,
(2) Cap phase,
(3) Tail phase,
(4) Maturation phase.
What follows spermiogenesis?
spermiation
By the end of the last phase,
Spermatozoon consists of three distinct
parts:
1.) the acrosomal head,
2.) mid (connecting) piece, and
3.) the tail.
_____ is the initial set of events
Golgi phase
In the Golgi phase, there is an intensified activity of the ______
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi phase
Organelle produces and release lytic enzymes that will
gather inside the future _______ (_______). At the
other end of the spermatid, a mid-piece form. The area
thickens as mitochondria fill in this part.
acrosome (cap phase)
Golgi Phase
Organelle produces and release lytic enzymes that will
gather inside the future acrosome (cap phase). At the
other end of the spermatid, a mid-piece form. The area
thickens as _________ fill in this part.
mitochondria
Golgi phase
the genetic material (_____) undergoes packaging as
protamines replace histones.
DNA
Golgi phase
the genetic material (DNA) undergoes _______ as
protamines replace histones.
packaging
Golgi phase
the genetic material (DNA) undergoes packaging as
_______ replace histones.
protamines
Golgi phase
the genetic material (DNA) undergoes packaging as protamines replace _________.
histones
thickening and
reduction of the
nuclear size,
condensation of the
nuclear contents into
the smallest space.
Nuclear Condensation
True or False
Golgi phase
By the end of this phase, the genetic material is tightly
packed, highly condensed, and transcriptionally active.
False (transcriptionally inactive)
formation of the acrosomal cap
Cap phase
Acrosomal cap aka _____
acrosome
The acrosomal cap or acrosome:
is a membrane-bound compartment at the tip of the head of the
________
spermatid
Acrosomal cap or acrosome
forms when the ________ surrounds the anterior of the
spermatid to form the acrosome.
Golgi apparatus
Cap phase
An ________-__________-________ complex
characterizes this stage.
acrosome- acropoaxome-manchette
Cap phase
The complex is the major driver for shaping the _____ of
the developing spermatid.
head
Forming a cap
(acrosome)
containing enzymes
that play an important
role in the penetration
through the pellucid
zone of the oocyte.
Acrosome Formation
Acrosome Formation
Forming a cap
(acrosome)
containing enzymes
that play an important
role in the penetration
through the _______
zone of the oocyte.
pellucid
elongation of microtubules on one of the
centrioles of the spermatid to become the tail.
Tail phase
Tail phase is the _________ ____ _______ on one of the
centrioles of the spermatid to become the tail.
elongation of microtubules
Tail phase:
elongation of microtubules on one of the ______ of the spermatid to become the tail.
centrioles
In Tail Phase, the microtubules form an ________.
axoneme
Tail Phase
The axonome
– contains microtubules that are arranged in a ______
configuration.
9+2
Tail phase
The developing germ cell orients itself such that
the growing tail is directed toward the ______________ of the seminiferous tubule
center of the lumen
generation of
the sperm cell
tail
Flagellum formation
Four parts of the finished flagellum
1.) neck
2.) mid piece
3.) principal piece
4.) tail
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The neck contains the two centrioles (________ and ______) among other things.
proximal and distal
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The _______ _______consists of a sheath of ring-
shaped mitochondria grouped around the
axoneme to provide the energy for the flagellar movement.
mid piece
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The mid piece consists of a sheath of ______________ grouped around the axoneme to provide the energy for the flagellar movement.
ring-shaped mitochondria
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The mid piece consists of a sheath of ring-
shaped mitochondria grouped around the _______ to provide the energy for the flagellar
movement.
axoneme
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The ______ ______ has a sheath of ring fibers
around the axoneme.
principal piece
Four (4) parts of the finished flagellum
The _____ consists of only the 9+2 structure of the
axoneme
tail
The final phase of spermiogenesis
Maturation phase
In maturation phase, the residual ________ has been disposed
of.
cytoplasm
In maturation phase, the residual cytoplasm is termed as the _________
i.e. the remaining cytoplasm and
organelles, is removed by phagocytosis
through Sertoli cells
residual body of regaud
In maturation phase, the residual cytoplasm is termed as the residual body of regaud,
i.e. the remaining cytoplasm and
organelles, is removed by ________through Sertoli cells
phagocytosis
In maturation phase, the residual cytoplasm is termed as the Termed as the residual body of regaud,
i.e. the remaining cytoplasm and
organelles, is removed by phagocytosis
through _______cells
Sertoli cells
elimination of all
unnecessary
cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm reduction
The migration of the
spermatozoon to the
epididymis to
become a motile sperm cell
Spermiation
_________release the elongated non-motile
spermatozoa into the lumen of
the seminiferous tubules to be
transported to the epididymis
where they will become motile
spermatozoa
Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells release the elongated non-motile ________ into the lumen of
the seminiferous tubules to be
transported to the epididymis
where they will become motile
spermatozoa
spermatozoa
Sertoli cells release the elongated non-motile
spermatozoa into the lumen of
the ____________to be
transported to the epididymis
where they will become motile
spermatozoa
seminiferous tubules
Sertoli cells release the elongated non-motile
spermatozoa into the lumen of
the seminiferous tubules to be
transported to the _______
where they will become motile
spermatozoa
epididymis
Sertoli cells release the elongated non-motile
spermatozoa into the lumen of
the seminiferous tubules to be
transported to the epididymis
where they will become motile
__________
spermatozoa
Sertoli cells secrete ________ to aid
spermatozoa to travel from the
seminiferous tubules to the rete
testis in the mediastinum testis,
to the efferent ducts, and finally
to the epididymis via peristaltic
contraction
testicular fluid
Sertoli cells secrete testicular fluid to aid
spermatozoa to travel from the
seminiferous tubules to the rete
testis in the mediastinum testis,
to the efferent ducts, and finally
to the epididymis via _________ ________
peristaltic contraction
It is responsible for the formation of mature motile sperm cells, starting from spermatogonia
Spermatogenesis
It is responsible for the formation of mature sperm cells that are not yet motile, starting from spermatids
Spermiogenesis
Stages of Spermatogenesis
- Spermatocytogenesis (mitotic phase)
- Spermatidogenesis (meiotic phase)
- Spermiogenesis and spermiation (differentiation phase)
End product of spermatogenesis
Four fully-differentiated motile spermatozoa from each spermatogonium
End product of spermiogenesis
One mature yet-to-be motile spermatozoon from each spermatid
Location of Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules, then epididymis
Location of spermiogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm shape in teleosts
Spheroidal
Sperm shape in amphibians
Rod/ lancet- shaped
Sperm shape in man and mammals
spoon-shaped
Sperm shape in mouse and rats
Hooked-shaped
Sperm according to presence of Flagella
Flagellated, non-flagellated
Under Flagellated Sperm
______: majority of vertebrates
Monoflagellate
Under Flagellated sperm,
_______: toad and fish
Biflagellate
Type of sperm
________: Ascaris, crab
Non-flagellated
