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DevBio Lab > Oogenesis > Flashcards

Oogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

It is the developmental sequence of the female germ cells

A

Oogenesis

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2
Q

The sequence of oogenesis

A

Primordial germ cell - oogonium - primary oocyte

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3
Q

A pair of ______ complete the first meiosis

A

primary oocytes

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4
Q

True or False

Many oocytes (secondary
oocytes plus one polar body),
though, reach the second meiosis
and the subsequent ovulation

A

False (only a few)

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5
Q

Only a few oocytes (secondary
oocytes plus ________),
though, reach the second meiosis
and the subsequent ovulation

A

one polar body

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6
Q

Only a few oocytes (secondary
oocytes plus one polar body),
though, reach the _________
and the subsequent ovulation

A

second meiosis

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7
Q

The remaining oocytes that
mature each month become
_______.

A

atretic

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8
Q

While the oogonia transform
into ________ ______, they
become restructured so that
at the end of prophase I
, Each oogonium gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

primary oocytes

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9
Q

While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become _________ so that
at the end of prophase I, each oogonium gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

restructured

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10
Q

While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become restructured so that
at the end of ________, each oogonium gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

prophase I

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11
Q

While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become restructured so that
at the end of prophase I, each oogonium gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular __________ (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

epithelial cells

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12
Q

While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become restructured so that
at the end of prophase I, each oogonium gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (________________________).

A

descendants of the coelomic epithelium

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13
Q

While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become restructured so that
at the end of prophase I, each _______ gets
enveloped by a single layer
of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

oogonium

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14
Q

True or False
While the oogonia transform
into primary oocytes, they
become restructured so that
at the end of prophase I, each oogonium gets
enveloped by many layers of flat, follicular epithelial
cells (descendants of the
coelomic epithelium).

A

False (single layer of flat, follicular epithelial cells)

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15
Q

Oocyte + follicular epithelium
= ____________

A

primordial follicle

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16
Q

_________ + follicular epithelium
= primordial follicle

A

oocyte

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17
Q

Oocyte + _____________
= primordial follicle

A

follicular epithelium

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18
Q

Developmental sequence of a follicle
goes through various ________ stages

A

follicle

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19
Q

Primordial follicle -
__________ -
secondary follicle -
tertiary follicle (Graafian
follicle)

A

primary follicle

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20
Q

__________ -
primary follicle -
secondary follicle -
tertiary follicle (Graafian
follicle)

A

primordial follicle

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21
Q

Primordial follicle -
primary follicle -
_________ follicle -
tertiary follicle (Graafian
follicle)

A

secondary

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22
Q

Primordial follicle -
primary follicle -
secondary follicle -
________ follicle (Graafian
follicle)

A

tertiary

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23
Q

Tertiary follicle or the _________

A

Graafian follicle

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24
Q

Since a follicle can die at any
moment in its development
(= ________), not all reach the
tertiary follicle stage.

A

atresia

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25
Q

True or False

Since a follicle can die at any
moment in its development
(= atresia), not all reach the
tertiary follicle stage.

A

True

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26
Q

What are the two structures of the ovary?

A

Outer Cortex and Inner Medulla

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27
Q

Structures of the ovary
________(ovarian
cortex) – contains the oogenic
cells at different stages

A

outer cortex

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28
Q

Structure of the Ovary

Outer cortex (________ cortex) – contains the oogenic
cells at different stages

A

ovarian

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29
Q

Structure of the Ovary

Outer cortex (ovarian
cortex) – contains the _________ at different stages

A

oogenic cells

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30
Q

Structure of the Ovary
_________ (ovarian medulla) – stroma
predominates with arteries,
veins and capillaries

A

Inner Medulla

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31
Q

Structure of the Ovary

Inner Medulla (ovarian
medulla) – _________
predominates with arteries,
veins and capillaries

A

stroma

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32
Q

Follicle Stages in the Ovary
In the __________
the oocytes
are present
within
the various
follicle
stages.

A

cortical compartment

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33
Q

Follicle Stages in the Ovary

In the cortical
compartment
the oocytes
are present
within
the ______________.

A

various follicle stages

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34
Q

Found in clusters within the
circumference of the ovarian
cortex

A

Primordial follicle

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35
Q

Primordial Follicle

Found in clusters ______________ of the ovarian
cortex

A

within the circumference

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36
Q

Primordial Follicle

Found in clusters within the
circumference of the _________

A

ovarian cortex

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37
Q

In this follicle,
Oocytes are covered with a single
layer of flat follicle cells

A

Primordial

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38
Q

Primordial follicle:
__________ are covered with a single
layer of flat follicle cells

A

Oocytes

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39
Q

Covered with a single layer or
multilayer of cuboidal cells
but bigger oocytes; follicles
do not appear in clusters

A

Primary Follicle

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40
Q

True or False

Primary Follicle
Covered with a single layer or
multilayer of cuboidal cells
but bigger oocytes; follicles appear in clusters

A

False ( do not appear in clusters)

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41
Q

Seen more towards the
medulla and represent the
next advanced stage of follicle

A

Primary follicle

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42
Q

Primary follicle is seen more towards the _______ and represent the
next advanced stage of follicle

A

medulla

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43
Q

Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• Vacuoles form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• Fluid filled vacuoles coalesce
to form one big vacuole
=antrum in the mature follicle

A

Secondary Follicle

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44
Q

Secondary follicle

Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• _________ form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• Fluid filled vacuoles coalesce
to form one big vacuole
=antrum in the mature follicle

A

Vacuoles

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45
Q

Secondary Follicle
Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• Vacuoles form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• ____________ coalesce
to form one big vacuole
=antrum in the mature follicle

A

Fluid filled vacuoles

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46
Q

Secondary follicle
Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• Vacuoles form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• Fluid filled vacuoles _________
to form one big vacuole
=antrum in the mature follicle

A

coalesce

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47
Q

Secondary Follicle

Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• Vacuoles form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• Fluid filled vacuoles coalesce
to form one big vacuole
=_________ in the mature follicle

A

antrum

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48
Q

Secondary follicle

Characterized by more layers
of follicle cells around the
oocyte
• Vacuoles form within the
growing layers of follicle cells
• Fluid filled vacuoles coalesce
to form one big vacuole
=antrum in the _______ follicle

A

mature

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49
Q

Discover of Mature Graafian Follicle

A

Rainier de Graaf

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50
Q

Covered by a thick glycoprotein = zona pellucida

A

Mature Graafian Follicle

51
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle is covered by a thick _________ = zona pellucida

A

glycoprotein

52
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle is covered by a thick glycoprotein = __________

A

zona pellucida

53
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

___________ – many layers of follicle cells immediately surrounding the oocyte; follicles
cells sitting on the basement membrane

A

Granulosa cells

54
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Granulosa cells – many layers of follicle cells
immediately surrounding the oocyte; ________ sitting on the basement membrane

A

follicle cells

55
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Granulosa cells – many layers of follicle cells
immediately surrounding the oocyte; follicle cells sitting on the _______ _______

A

basement membrane

56
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

___________- hillock of granulosa cells at
the side of the follicle within which is the
growing oocyte

A

Cumulus oophorus

57
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Cumulus oophorus- _______ __ _______ _______at the side of the follicle within which is the
growing oocyte

A

hillock of granulosa cells

58
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Cumulus oophorus- hillock of granulosa cells at
the side of the follicle within which is the
_______ ________

A

growing oocyte

59
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

_______ _______ – made up of 2-3 layers of follicle/ granulosa cells immediately surrounding
the oocyte

A

Corona radiata

60
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle
Corona radiata – made up of _____ layers of follicle/ granulosa cells immediately surrounding
the oocyte

A

2-3

61
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Corona radiata – made up of 2-3 layers of
___________ immediately surrounding
the oocyte

A

follicle/granulosa cells

62
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Corona radiata – made up of 2-3 layers of follicle/ granulosa cells immediately surrounding
the ________

A

oocyte

63
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

_________ – corresponds to the coalesced antral
vacuoles found in the earlier stage; cleft or cavity

A

Antrum

64
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Antrum – corresponds to the coalesced antral
vacuoles found in the earlier stage; _______ or cavity

A

cleft

65
Q

Mature Graafian Follicle

Antrum – corresponds to the ________ ________ ______ found in the earlier stage; cleft or cavity

A

coalesced antral vacuoles

66
Q

___________ – fluid inside the
vacuole which contains hormones,
enzymes etc.

A

Liquor folliculi

67
Q

___________– (Gk. – theke = case) or
capsule; 2-layered envelope
enclosing the follicle

A

Theca

68
Q

Theca – (Gk. – ______ = case) or
capsule; 2-layered envelope
enclosing the follicle

A

theke

69
Q

Theca – (Gk. – theke = ______) or
capsule; 2-layered envelope
enclosing the follicle

A

case

70
Q

Theca – (Gk. – theke = case) or
________; 2-layered envelope
enclosing the follicle

A

capsule

71
Q

Theca – (Gk. – theke = case) or
capsule; __ -layered envelope
enclosing the follicle

A

2

72
Q

Theca

______ ______ – outer to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
rounded cells, produce estrogen
together with the follicle cells

A

Theca interna

73
Q

Theca

Theca interna – ______ to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
rounded cells, produce estrogen
together with the follicle cells

A

outer

74
Q

Theca

Theca interna – outer to the
basement membrane,______layers of
rounded cells, produce estrogen
together with the follicle cells

A

2-3

75
Q

Theca

Theca interna – outer to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
______ ______, produce estrogen
together with the follicle cells

A

rounded cells

76
Q

Theca

Theca interna – outer to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
______ ______, produce estrogen
together with the follicle cells

A

rounded cells

77
Q

Theca interna – outer to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
rounded cells, produce ______
together with the follicle cells

A

estrogen

78
Q

Theca interna – outer to the
basement membrane, 2-3 layers of
rounded cells, produce estrogen
together with the ______ _____

A

follicle cells

79
Q

_______– layers of fibers
outer to the theca interna

A

Theca externa

80
Q

_______– layers of fibers
outer to the theca interna

A

Theca externa

81
Q

Theca externa – layers of fibers
______ to the theca interna

A

outer

82
Q

Theca externa – layers of _______
outer to the theca interna

A

fibers

83
Q

Theca externa – layers of fibers
outer to the ________ _______

A

theca interna

84
Q

_________ _______: theca interna +
theca externa

A

Theca folliculi

85
Q

Theca folliculi : _________ +
theca externa

A

Theca interna

86
Q

Theca folliculi : theca interna +
_______ ______

A

theca externa

87
Q

________ – a form of
physiological cell death
brought about by different
causes such as hormonal
changes

A

Atresia

88
Q

Distinguished by disorganized
granulosa with many necrotic
cells present

A

Atretic follicle

89
Q

Atretic follicle is distinguished by __________ ________ with many necrotic cells present

A

disorganized granulosa

90
Q

Atretic follicle is distinguished by disorganized granulosa with many _____ cells present

A

necrotic

91
Q

___________ – (L=zona –
girdle; pellucida –
transparent) – thick white or
greenish envelope separating
the germ cell from the follicle
cells; probably secreted by
germ cell and follicle cells
together

A

Zona pellucida

92
Q

_________ _______ – inner layer
of columnar follicle cells of the
cumulus oophorus
immediately adjacent to the
zona pellucida

A

Corona radiata

93
Q

• After the oocyte is ovulated
• Follicles cells are converted to
big secretory cells =
granulosa lutein cells – yellow
in fresh state indicating lipid
secretions of the progesterone

A

Corpus luteum (yellow body)

94
Q

Stages of development
of Corpus luteum

A

1.) Young
2.) Active
3.) Regressing

95
Q

Stages of development of Corpus luteum
_______ – newly formed corpora
lutea; prominent cavity = remnant
of antrum; filled with blood

A

Young

96
Q

Stages of development of Corpus luteum
______ - cavity is much reduced ;
bigger cells indicating they are
active secretory cells

A

active

97
Q

Stages of development of corpus luteum
________ – corpus luteum is
invaded by fibers from the
stroma/ theca externa

A

Regressing

98
Q

_________ ________
• The whole site of corpus
luteum replaced by dense
connective tissue appears
white or achromatic
(colorless)
• The scar tissue which was
originally occupied by the
growing follicle

A

Corpus albicans (white bodies)

99
Q

The ovarian cycle: ______ ______
• Roughly 500’000 follicles that are
present in the two ovaries at the
beginning of sexual maturity,
• Only around 480 reach the
Graafian follicle stage and able to
release oocytes (ovulation)
• Derived by multiplying the
number of cycles per year (12)
and the number of years in which
a woman is fertile (40).

A

follicle maturation

100
Q

The ovarian cycle:
follicle maturation
• Roughly ________ follicles that are
present in the two ovaries at the
beginning of sexual maturity,
• Only around 480 reach the
Graafian follicle stage and able to
release oocytes (ovulation)
• Derived by multiplying the
number of cycles per year (12)
and the number of years in which
a woman is fertile (40).

A

500,000

101
Q

The ovarian cycle:
follicle maturation
• Roughly 500’000 follicles that are
present in the two ovaries at the
beginning of sexual maturity,
• Only around ______ reach the
Graafian follicle stage and able to
release oocytes (ovulation)
• Derived by multiplying the
number of cycles per year (12)
and the number of years in which
a woman is fertile (40).

A

480

102
Q

The ovarian cycle:
follicle maturation
• Roughly 500’000 follicles that are
present in the two ovaries at the
beginning of sexual maturity,
• Only around 480 reach the
Graafian follicle stage and able to
release oocytes (ovulation)
• Derived by ___________

A

multiplying the
number of cycles per year (12)
and the number of years in which
a woman is fertile (40).

103
Q

______ ________
• Hypothalamic-hypophysial (pituitary
gland) system with the two hypophysial
gonadotropins: FSH and LH - for a
normal control of the cyclic ovarian
function.
• Releases FSH and LH - both stimulate the
maturation of the follicles in the ovary
and trigger ovulation.

A

Hormonal Cycle

104
Q

Hormonal Cycle
• _____________ with the two hypophysial
gonadotropins: FSH and LH - for a
normal control of the cyclic ovarian
function.
• Releases FSH and LH - both stimulate the
maturation of the follicles in the ovary
and trigger ovulation.

A

Hypothalamic-hypophysial (pituitary
gland) system

105
Q

Hormonal Cycle
• Hypothalamic-hypophysial (pituitary
gland) system with the two hypophysial
gonadotropins: FSH and LH - for a
normal control of the cyclic ovarian
function.
• Releases FSH and LH - both stimulate the __________ in the ovary
and trigger ovulation.

A

maturation of the follicles

106
Q

Hormonal Cycle
• Hypothalamic-hypophysial (pituitary
gland) system with the two hypophysial
gonadotropins: FSH and LH - for a
normal control of the cyclic ovarian
function.
• Releases FSH and LH - both stimulate the
maturation of the follicles in the ovary and trigger _______.

A

ovulation

107
Q

During the ovarian cycle,
– ________ is produced by the theca
interna and follicular cells (follicle
phase)
– Progesterone produced by the
corpus luteum (luteal phase).

A

Estrogen

108
Q

During the ovarian cycle,
– Estrogen is produced by the _______ _______ and follicular cells (follicle
phase)
– Progesterone produced by the
corpus luteum (luteal phase).

A

theca interna

109
Q

During the ovarian cycle,
– Estrogen is produced by the theca
interna and _____ ______ (follicle
phase)
– Progesterone produced by the
corpus luteum (luteal phase).

A

follicular cells

110
Q

During the ovarian cycle,
– Estrogen is produced by the theca
interna and follicular cells (follicle
phase)
– _________ produced by the
corpus luteum (luteal phase).

A

Progesterone

111
Q

During the ovarian cycle,
– Estrogen is produced by the theca
interna and follicular cells (follicle
phase)
– Progesterone produced by the
_______ ________ (luteal phase).

A

corpus luteum

112
Q

Comparison of
Vertebrate Ovaries
•Frog
–_________
in form
• Mammalian
–compact
and
almond-
shaped

A

saccular

113
Q

Comparison of
Vertebrate Ovaries
•Frog
–saccular
in form
• Mammalian
- ________ and _________

A

compact and almond-shaped

114
Q

________ Ovaries

Amorphous (formless) sac
containing ova or egg cells
at different stages of
development
• paired
• female gonads, glands that
produce eggs or ova and
secrete the female
hormone estrogen
• Immature ovary – contains
young egg cells – oogonia
• Mature ovary – contains
older cells – growing
oocytes and oogonia

A

Frog

115
Q

_________ – loose connective
tissue surrounding the ovary

Theca interna – thin connective
tissue surrounding each oocyte;
derived from the extension of
theca externa
Follicle cells – small, flat, ovoid
cells located in between the
theca interna and the plasma
membrane of an oocyte

A

Theca externa

116
Q

Theca externa – loose connective
tissue surrounding the ovary

_________ – thin connective
tissue surrounding each oocyte;
derived from the extension of
theca externa
Follicle cells – small, flat, ovoid
cells located in between the
theca interna and the plasma
membrane of an oocyte

A

Theca interna

117
Q

Theca externa – loose connective
tissue surrounding the ovary

Theca interna – thin connective
tissue surrounding each oocyte;
derived from the extension of
theca externa

___________ – small, flat, ovoid
cells located in between the
theca interna and the plasma
membrane of an oocyte

A

Follicle cells

118
Q

________ – clusters of small cells
with darkly stained nuclei and
homogeneous, compact
cytoplasm; at the periphery of the
cytoplasm
Growing oocytes – medium to
large-sized cells characterized by
large nucleus, large nucleoli, and
large amount of cytoplasm
Follicle cells – small, flat, ovoid cells
located in between the theca
interna and the plasma membrane
of an oocyte

A

Oogonia

119
Q

Oogonia – clusters of small cells
with darkly stained nuclei and
homogeneous, compact
cytoplasm; at the periphery of the
cytoplasm

____________ – medium to
large-sized cells characterized by
large nucleus, large nucleoli, and
large amount of cytoplasm

Follicle cells – small, flat, ovoid cells
located in between the theca
interna and the plasma membrane
of an oocyte

A

Growing oocytes

120
Q

Oogonia – clusters of small cells
with darkly stained nuclei and
homogeneous, compact
cytoplasm; at the periphery of the
cytoplasm
Growing oocytes – medium to
large-sized cells characterized by
large nucleus, large nucleoli, and
large amount of cytoplasm

_________ – small, flat, ovoid cells
located in between the theca
interna and the plasma membrane
of an oocyte

A

Follicle cells

121
Q

Oocyte, HPO

• _______ ________ –
contain a large
nucleus or
germinal vesicle
containing
numerous
germinal spots or
nucleoli

A

Larger oocytes

122
Q

_____

Loosely used and does not
always mean ovum
• Primary oocytes – annelids,
nemerteans, and molluscs
• Can be classified according to
the main patterns cleavage
– Holoblastic
– Meroblastic

A

Egg

123
Q

Egg
Loosely used and does not
always mean ovum

• _____________ – annelids,
nemerteans, and molluscs
• Can be classified according to
the main patterns cleavage
– Holoblastic
– Meroblastic

A

Primary oocytes

124
Q

Egg

Loosely used and does not
always mean ovum
• Primary oocytes – annelids,
nemerteans, and molluscs
• Can be classified according to
the main patterns cleavage
– ________
– _______

A

Holoblastic, Meroblastic

DevBio Lab (4 decks)

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