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DevBio Lab > ppt 5 > Flashcards

ppt 5 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False
A spermatogenic cycle and wave can be observed along the length of the seminiferous tubule.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False
A spermatogenic cycle is a cycle of progressive stages occurring throughout the seminiferous tubules

A

False (within a particular segment of seminiferous tubules)

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3
Q

True or False

Spermatogenic Cycle
A single cycle would, therefore,
refer to that in which the same
stage reappears for a certain
duration at a particular
segment

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

The number of stages in a spermatogenic
cycle is the same among species.

A

False (differs among species)

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5
Q

Mouse has a cycle comprised of twelve
stages numbered from I to X occurring over
9 days

A

False ( from I to XII, 8.6 days)

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6
Q

Humans have ________ in a cycle and
it takes _________ 16-day cycles for a
spermatogonium to be transformed into a
spermatozoon

A

Six stages (I-VI) in a cycle, takes four 16-day cycles

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7
Q

Refers to the
distance
from one
stage to
another
similar stage

A

Spermatogenic Wave

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8
Q

True or False

Spermatogenic wave

Move linearly towards the
inner part of the lumen.

A

False (spiral -like a corkscrew)

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9
Q

Spermatogenesis waves

Move in spiral - like a corkscrew- towards the
_______

A

inner part of the lumen

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10
Q

Spermatogenesis waves

Outside, on the edge of the tubule and at the
beginning of the spiral, lie the ________

A

spermatogonia

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11
Q

Spermatogenesis waves
At the end of the spiral, the ________
cells are in the lumen

A

fully developed sperm

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12
Q

Spermatogenesis waves
Several differing generations can be found in a
_______ cross-section.

A

tubule

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13
Q

True or False

As time goes on, the wave of spermatogenesis is
shifted towards the left in order to always newly
begin again.

A

False (shifted towards the right)

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14
Q

________Occurs in overlapping waves
which pass along the tubules of
the testis so that the stages of
spermatogenesis observed at
any given level of a tubule will
be different from those at
another level
• Wave moves slowly

A

Spermatogenesis

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15
Q

Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_______ Wave
❖ cells bordering the lumen of the tubule;
❖maturing spermatozoa or metamorphosing
spermatids

A

Oldest

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16
Q

Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

________wave
❖Cells in the middle layer of the tubular wall

A

Intermediate

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17
Q

Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_________ Wave
❖Cells near the outer surface of the tubule;
❖spermatogonia ready to undergo meiosis

A

Youngest

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18
Q

Seminiferous tubule Spermatogenic wave

❑_________ Wave
❖Cells near the outer surface of the tubule;
❖spermatogonia ready to undergo meiosis

A

Youngest

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19
Q

Wave of the seminiferous tubule

True or False

At any one time, each specific
segment of the tubule is in two
stages of the cycle

A

False (one stage)

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20
Q

Wave of the Seminiferous tubule

True or False

All the stages of one cycle can be
seen taking place in sequence
within a short segment of a tubule

A

False (long segment)

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21
Q

Wave of the seminiferous tubule

What is the reason why one can observe
all the stages in just one section of
the testis?

A

All the stages of one cycle can be
seen taking place in sequence
within a long segment of a tubule

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22
Q

________: Glands in which the male
reproductive cells are formed.

A

Testes or testicle

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23
Q

Testes or testicles lie, one on each side, in the _______

A

scrotum

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24
Q

True or False

Testes or testicles: Each is an oval gland about one
and a half inches long with its long
axis directed downward, backward
and inward.

A

True

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25
Q

What are the 2 major functions of Testes or Testicles?

A
  1. producing sperm from stem
    cell spermatogonia
    (spermatogenesis)
  2. producing androgens, to
    maintain and regulate androgen
    mediated functions throughout
    the body.
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26
Q

True or False

One of the major functions of testes is to produce estrogen.

A

False (to produce ANDROGEN)

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27
Q

Frog’s Testis: _______ ovoid

A

elongated

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28
Q

True or False
Mammalian Testes: Elongated Ovoid

A

False: (Ovoid only)

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29
Q

A strong fibrous
coat, from which
vertical and
horizontal septa
penetrate into the
substance, thus
dividing it into
compartments or
lobules in which
the seminiferous
tubes are coiled.

A

Tunica albuginea

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30
Q

True or False

Seminiferous tubules: It is estimated that the total
length in the two glands is
little short of a mile

A

True

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31
Q

______ is consist of a basement
membrane surrounding
several layers of epithelial
cells, some of which are
constantly being
transformed into
spermatozoa or male
sexual cells.

A

Seminiferous tubules

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32
Q

Seminiferous tubules are consist of a
________ surrounding
several layers of epithelial
cells, some of which are
constantly being
transformed into
spermatozoa or male
sexual cells.

A

basement membrane

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33
Q

Seminiferous tubules are consist of a basement
membrane surrounding
several layers of ________, some of which are
constantly being
transformed into
spermatozoa or male
sexual cells.

A

epithelial cells

34
Q

_______: a plexus of
tubules into
which the
seminiferous
tubes open.

A

Rete Testis

35
Q

____________:

• A soft body lying behind
the testis; it is enlarged
above to form the globus
major or head, while
below is a lesser swelling,
the globus minor or tail.
• Made up of a convoluted
tube about 20 ft. long,
from which one long
diverticulum (vas
aberrans) comes off.

A

Epididymis

36
Q

Epididymis

• A soft body lying behind
the testis; it is enlarged
above to form the _____ or head, while
below is a lesser swelling,
the ________ or tail.

A

globus major, globus minor

37
Q

Epididymis
• Made up of a convoluted
tube about ________ long,
from which one long
diverticulum (vas
aberrans) comes off.

A

20 ft.

38
Q

Epididymis
• Made up of a convoluted
tube about 20 ft. long,
from which one long
diverticulum (________) comes off.

A

vas aberrans

39
Q

Epididymis
• Made up of a convoluted
tube about 20 ft. long,
from which one long
________ (vas
aberrans) comes off.

A

diverticulum

40
Q

____________:
• is the continuation of the tube of
the epididymis and starts at the
globus minor;
• at first it is convoluted, but soon
becomes straight, and runs up on
the inner (mesial) side of the
epididymis to the external
abdominal ring in the abdominal
wall.

A

Vas deferens

41
Q

Vas deferens is the continuation of the tube of
the epididymis and starts at the ________

A

globus minor

42
Q

Vas deferens:
at first it is convoluted, but soon
becomes straight, and runs up on
the inner (_______) side of the
epididymis to the external
abdominal ring in the abdominal
wall.

A

mesial

43
Q

Connective tissue
sheath surrounding
the testis

A

Tunica albuginea

44
Q

Testis

•oval body
• consists of 2 kinds
of epithelia:
• (1) ________
epithelium
• (2) ________
epithelium

A

germinal, glandular

45
Q

compartments
of the testis
separated by
septula

A

Seminiferous tubule

46
Q

Seminiferous tubule: compartments
of the testis
separated by
_________

A

septula

47
Q

___________:
• Stratified
epithelium
• Gametogenic
cell lining the
seminiferous
tubules

A

Germinal Epithelium

48
Q

• Somatic cells
• Form part of the glandular
epithelium of the testis
• Non-gametogenic cells

A

Leydig and Sertoli Cells

49
Q

True or False

Leydig and Sertoli cells are gametogenic cells

A

False (non-gametogenic)

50
Q

True or False

Leydig and Sertoli cells are somatic cells

A

True

51
Q

Located at the septula;
ovoid cells with
granulated cytoplasm,
which are responsible
for the secretion of the
male hormone
testosterone stimulated
by LH in Ant Pit. Gld.

A

Leydig cells/Interstitial cells

52
Q

Same size as the
active spermatogonia
found in between
seminiferous tubules
outside of the
basement membranes

A

Leydig cells/Interstitial cells

53
Q

Leydig cells are also known as ______

A

interstitial cells

54
Q

Leydig cells are located at the ______

A

septula

55
Q

Located at the basal layer of
the germinal epithelium;
occur singly

A

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

56
Q

Few large triangular cells
which bear a prominent
nucleus; elongated
pyramidal epithelial cells
extending from the
epithelium of tubular walls
to the lumen

A

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

57
Q

• Pale in histological section
• Developing sex cells
function as nurse cells –
nourish the developing
sperm cells

A

Sertoli/Sustentacular cells

58
Q

Cell Types in the Testis

Order of Development
and identified
according to location,
size, form, character of
the nucleus

A

• Spermatogonia
• Primary spermatocytes
• Secondary
spermatocytes
• Spermatids
• Spermatozoa

59
Q

One of the figures in the ppt shows Kidney of the male frog during ______ showing spermatozoa in the
kidney tubules and Malpighian corpuscles, en route to the
uro-(mesonephric) –genital (vasa efferentia) duct.

A

amplexus

60
Q

The male form of gamecytogenesis and involves
stem cells dividing to replace themselves and to
produce a population of cells destined to become
mature sperm.

A

Spermatocytogenesis

61
Q

Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of __________ and involves
stem cells dividing to replace themselves and to
produce a population of cells destined to become
mature sperm.

A

gamecytogenesis

62
Q

The stem cells involved are called spermatogonia
and are a specific type of stem cell known as
gametogonia.

A

Spermatocytogenesis

63
Q

In spermatocytogenesis, the stem cells involved are called ______
and are a specific type of stem cell known as
_________

A

spermatogonia, gametogonia

64
Q

Spermatocytogenesis

Three functionally separate spermatogonial cell types are recognized on the basis of the
appearance of the _________: type A dark
spermatogonia (Ad), type A pale spermatogonia
(Ap), and type B spermatogonia (B).

A

nuclei

65
Q

• The population of spermatogonia is
maintained by type Ad spermatogonia.
• Serve to maintain the supply of stem
cells for spermatogenesis.
• Each type Ad spermatogonium divides
to produce another type Ad
spermatogonium, which can further
carry on spermatogenesis, and one
type Ap spermatogonium, which
differentiates further.

A

Type Ad Spermatogonia (“dark”)

66
Q

Type Ad Spermatogonia serve to maintain the ___________________ for spermatogenesis.

A

supply of stem cells

67
Q

Each type Ad spermatogonium divides
to produce another type Ad
spermatogonium, which can further
carry on spermatogenesis, and one
_________ spermatogonium, which
differentiates further.

A

Type Ap

68
Q

• repeatedly
divide mitotically to produce identical
cell clones linked by cytoplasmic
bridges.
• The connections between cells allow
development to be synchronized.
When repeated division ceases, the
cells differentiate into type B
spermatogonia.
• This stage is referred to as the
spermatogonial phase.

A

Type Ap spermatogonia (“pale”)

69
Q

Type Ap spermatogonia repeatedly
divide __________ to produce identical
cell clones linked by cytoplasmic
bridges.

A

mitotically

70
Q

Type Ap spermatogonia repeatedly
divide mitotically to produce identical
cell clones linked by __________

A

cytoplasmic bridges

71
Q

Type Ap spermatogonia (“pale”)

The connections between cells allow
development to be synchronized.
When repeated division ceases, the
cells differentiate into _________

A

type B spermatogonia

72
Q

The connections between cells allow
development to be synchronized.
When repeated division ceases, the
cells differentiate into type B
spermatogonia.
• This stage is referred to as the
__________ phase.

A

spermatogonial

73
Q

___________
undergo mitosis to
produce diploid
intermediate cells called
primary spermatocytes

A

Type B spermatogonia

74
Q

Type B spermatogonia
undergo ________ to
produce diploid
intermediate cells called
primary spermatocytes

A

mitosis

75
Q

Type B spermatogonia
undergo mitosis to
produce diploid
intermediate cells called
_________________

A

primary spermatocytes

76
Q

• For humans, entire
process of
spermatogenesis
takes ______ days,
including the
transport on ductal
system, it takes 3
months.

A

74 days

77
Q

• For humans, entire
process of
___________
takes 74 days,
including the
transport on ductal
system, it takes 3
months.
• Testes produce 200 to
300 million
spermatozoa daily.

A

spermatogenesis

78
Q

• For humans, entire
process of
spermatogenesis
takes 74 days,
including the
transport on ductal
system, it takes ________

A

3 months

79
Q

• For humans,
Testes produce ___________
spermatozoa daily.

A

200 to 300 million

80
Q

In rats,
spermatogenesis is ______
days

A

20

81
Q

In _______,
spermatogenesis is 20
days

A

rats

DevBio Lab (4 decks)

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