Estrous Cycle Flashcards
__________
the process whereby the gametes are
formed in the gonads
Gametogenesis
__________
(Gk. Oistros=gadfly, hence frenzy or
desire) the cyclical changes occurring in the reproductive
system of the female mammal
Estrous Cycle
___________ cyclical changes in the vagina, marked in rodents and correlated with ovarian cycle (Proestrus, estrus, metaestrus, diestrus)
Vaginal Cycle
___________
cyclical changes in the histology of the
rodent uterus are not marked as they are in primates
(Proestrus, estrus, metaestrus, diestrus)
Uterine Cycle
_____________
(mensis=month) characterized by
monthly uterine bleeding (estrus cycle) for the primate
cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Two types of cycles in female mammals
- Menstrual Cycles
- Estrous Cycles
Identify the type of cycle:
• Humans and other primates
• Changes in the uterus = uterine cycle
• Caused by events that occur in the ovary
(Ovarian cycle)
• Integrated cycle involving 2 organs (uterus and ovaries)
Menstrual cycles
Identify the type of cycle:
in other mammals
Estrous cycles
Integrated Female Cycles
_________
• Follicular phase
• Ovulatory phase
• Luteal phase
Ovarian Cycle
Integrated Female Cycles
_________
• Menstrual flow phase
• Proliferative phase
• Secretory phase
Uterine/Menstrual Cycle
Follicle Stimulating Hormones
________
-for growth
-maturation of the
follicle – germ cell,
stratum granulosum
gametokinetic H.
Follicle Stimulating Hormones:
❖gametokinetic H.
❖-for growth
❖_________________ – germ cell,
stratum granulosum
maturation of the follicle
Luteinizing Hormone
❖____________ ______
stimulating hormone
❖stimulates theca
interna
❖induces corpus luteum
formation
❖together with FSH
induces maturation of
the Graafian follicle
❖ovulation
insterstitial cell
Luteotrophin
❖__________/_________
❖maintains corpus
luteum
❖stimulates
secretion of
progesterone by
the corpus
❖lactation of mammary
gland
Lactogenic hormone/prolactin
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
• Estrogen
– Follicular hormone
– Promotes proliferation phase of ________ ________
– Stimulates oviducts, vagina, mammary
glands
– Secondary sex characteristics
– Aspects of behavior
uterine cycle
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
___________
– Secretes estrogen in 1st half
Follicle
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
_________ _________
– secretes estrogen in 2nd half
– Produces progesterone
Corpus luteum
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
________
– produces estrogen and progesterone
– Produces placental gonadotrophin/
chorionic gonadotrophin
Placenta
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
___________
– Promotes secretions phase of uterine cycle
– Stimulates mammary glands
Progesterone
Roles of Ovarian Hormones in
Estrous Cycle
________/ __________ ________
– Secreted by pregnant women
– + test for pregnancy in urine
Placental/chorionic gonadotrophin
Differences between
rats and mice
Mice:
-______
-______
-______
• Are not just little rats;
• More olfactory than rats
• More sensitive to introduction of new males
Terminology for Cycle Stages
•__________ – noun
•Estrous - adjective
Estrus
Terminology for Cycle Stages
•Estrus – noun
•Estrous - _______
adjective
The Rodent Estrous Cycle
• Rats and mice are:
❖_________ _______ – they do not
need the presence of male to induce ovulation
spontaneous ovulators
The Rodent Estrous Cycle
Rats and mice are:
❖4-6 day cycle – consists of 4 stages =
________, _________, ________ _ (a.k.a.
metestrus), and _________ _
estrus, proestrus, diestrus I, and diestrus II
The Rodent Estrous Cycle
Rats and mice are:
❖4-6 day cycle – consists of 4 stages =
estrus, proestrus, diestrus I (a.k.a.
__________), and diestrus II
metestrus
_________
• can refer to a stage of the cycle or to
the behavioral manifestation of
behavioral receptivity (also known as
“heat”)
• For rodents, the most highly receptive time is proestrus
Estrus
Estrus
• can refer to a stage of the cycle or to
the behavioral manifestation of
behavioral receptivity (also known as
“heat”)
• For rodents, the most highly receptive time is ________
proestrus
Differences from Human
Menstrual Cycle
• Peaks of estrogens and progesterone
are __________ _________ in humans while overlap in rodents
• Rodents are more to estrous cycle
disruption due to sensitivity from light
zeitgebers than humans
typically separated
Differences from Human
Menstrual Cycle
• Peaks of estrogens and progesterone
are typically separated in humans while overlap in rodents
• Rodents are more to estrous cycle
disruption due to sensitivity from light _________ than humans
zeitgebers
Determining Estrous Cycle
• ______ ________ __ ______ _______ - Simple method for determining estrous cycle stage
Vaginal lavage or vaginal smear
Determining Estrous Cycle
4 stages can be distinguished by noting _______ ________ _______that are visible during each stage
characteristic cell types
Determining Estrous Cycle
• A small amount of physiological solution is
inserted into a rat’s or mice’s vagina with
disposable pipette, removed, placed on a slide
and examined under a microscope.
• Volume: _____-____ microliters of saline for rats while 50-200 microliters for mice.
200-500
Vaginal Smear Procedure
• Label a slide with the date, time, mouse name, and color.
• Introduce a few drops of ___ into the eyedropper and gently insert about ___ cm into the vagina.
• Express the saline back and forth, 2 or 3 times by quickly squeezing and releasing the dropper bulb, then remove the
resultant fluid and express it onto the labeled slide.
• Keep the slide flat and do not let it dry.
NSS, 0.5 cm
Cell Characteristics in
Different Cycles
• __________ –presence of nucleated epithelial cells that are round; sometimes the cells cornify rapidly in mice
Proestrus
Cell Characteristics in
Different Cycles
• Proestrus –presence of nucleated epithelial cells that are round; sometimes the cells _______ rapidly in mice
cornify
Cell Characteristics in
Different Cycles
_________
characterized by non-nucleated,
cornified epithelial cells
Estrus
Cell Characteristics in
Different Cycles
_______ (Diestrus I)
low cell number,
often with a lot of cell debris
Metestrus
Cell Characteristics in
Different Cycles
_______ contains mostly lymphocytes
Diestrus II
Cell Characteristics in Different Cycles
Diestrus II contains mostly ________
lymphocytes
3 Main Cell Types Detected In Vaginal Smear Samples
A. Nucleated Epithelial Cells
B. Cornified Epithelial Cell
C. Leukocytes
