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Human reproduction and fertility > spermatogenesis > Flashcards

spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

role of testes

A

houses seminiferous tubules, site of spermatogenesis

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2
Q

epididymis

A

sperm storage and maturation

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3
Q

vas deferens

A

transport of sperm from epididymis to urethra during ejaculation

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

produces mucus secretion which aids the mobility of the sperm

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5
Q

prostate gland

A

produces an alkaline secretion that neutralises acidity of urine in urethra and aids mobility of the sperm

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6
Q

2 functions of testes

A
  • produce sex androgens and other hormones for sexual differentiation and secondary sexual characteristics
  • produce spermatozoa for sexual reproduction, occurs in seminiferous tubules
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7
Q

what does the stroma consist of?

A

blood vessels, lymph and leydig cells

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8
Q

what happens to PGCs around 6 weeks gestation?

A

PGC population expands by mitosis and migrates to the genital ridge primordium

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9
Q

what can happen if something disrupts mitosises of sertoli cells?

A

can get low sperm count

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10
Q

when does spermatogenesis begin?

A

puberty- about 10 million sperm produced per day

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11
Q

how are spermatogonial stem cells self-regenerating?

A

undergo rounds of mitosis

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12
Q

what morphologically distinct cells emerge at intervals?

A

type A spermatogonia

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13
Q

how are type B spermatogonia formed?

A

the type A produce a clone of 16 cells which enter further rounds of mitosis with some differentiation inbetween them

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14
Q

what dictates whether they divide or differentiate?

A

growth factors

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15
Q

what direction does development occur?

A

in a centripetal direction- from basement membrane towards lumen

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16
Q

what is spermiation

A

when fully differentiated sperm are released into lumen

17
Q

how is the acrosome cap formed in spermiogenesis

A

formed from golgi

18
Q

what else happens in spermiogenesis

A

the nucleus changes shape to fit in the head, one of the centrioles of the spematid becomes a tail, remaining excess cytoplasm and organelles are removed by sertoli cells via phagocytosis

19
Q

when does X and Y chromosmomes transcription stop?

A

before meiotic divisions

20
Q

when does autosomal transcription cease?

A

during spermiogenesis

21
Q

what are histones replaced with in sperm?

A

protamines and the chromatin becomes condensed

22
Q

what do sertoli cells form?

A

gap junctional complexes

23
Q

what separates the basal and adluminal compartments

A

blood testis barrier formed by gap junctional complexes

24
Q

which compartment is immune privaleged?

A

the adluminal one, so haploid cells not immune rejected

25
Q

when do spermatogonia become spermatocytes?

A

once they enter meiosis and move away from the basement membrane and into the adluminal compartment

26
Q

round and elongating spermatids are located where?

A

in adluminal compartment

27
Q

how often does a section of seminiferous tubule produce a sperm? why

A

every 16 days. since it takes 64 days to complete spermatogenesis but there are 4 sperm developing at staggered points in the cycle

28
Q

why are there populations at 4 different stages of development?

A

set lag time between development of SSC families

29
Q

what provides a means for communication

A

gap junctions between adjacent sertoli cells provides a means for communication

30
Q

3 main functions of testosterone in sertoli cells

A
  • maintains blood-testis barrier integrity
  • required for sertoli-spermatid cohesion
  • essential for spermiation
31
Q

what does testosterone bind to?

A

androgen binding proteins and then travels to and stimulates ducts

32
Q

what is testosterone converted to in sertoli cells?

A

dihydrotestosterone and oestrogen

33
Q

how long does passage through epididymis take?

A

5-11 days.

34
Q

what happens to sperm in epididymis to mature them?

A

sperm acquired the potential to swim and fertilise oocytes- dependent on androgens.

35
Q

where are mature sperm stored?

A

tail end of epidiymis

Human reproduction and fertility (9 decks)

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