oogenesis

Question 1

role of uterus

Answer 1

support pregnancy

Question 2

what does the ovarian stroma contain?

Answer 2

connective tissue, smooth muscle, stromal cells, developing follicles, interstitial glands

Question 3

what are the 2 main functions of the female genital tract?

Answer 3

gamete production and transport, site of implantation so support foetal development

Question 4

what happens in the first half of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 4

oestrogen levels high, mature oocytes produced and made ready for fertilisation

Question 5

what happens in the second half of the menstrual cycle ?

Answer 5

progestagenic half- uterus made ready to allow implantation and support pregnancy

Question 6

when does production of eggs start?

Answer 6

during foetal development

Question 7

when do all mitotic divisions occur in females?

Answer 7

during foetal development

Question 8

where are primary oocytes arrested until after puberty?

Answer 8

prophase of meiosis I

Question 9

when does the secondary follicle develop?

Answer 9

after puberty

Question 10

how many polar bodies are produced in oogenesis?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

what is the order of follicle development?

Answer 11

primordial-preantral (primary)- antral (secondary)- preovulatory

Question 12

what is the role of follicles?

Answer 12

supportive environment for oocyte growth

Question 13

what happens to form the preantral from the primordial follicle?

Answer 13

lots of mRNA and rRNA is produced to build organelles and generate protein stores, oocytes secrete glycoproteins which condense and form zona pellucida, granulosa cells form a layer around the oocyte, ovarian stromal cells condense to form thecal layerq

Question 14

what happens in antral follicle development?

Answer 14

thecal layer expands and further develops to form theca interna and extera layers, granulosa cells secrete fluid to form antrum, cumulus oophorus forms to surround oocyte with granulosa layer

Question 15

what forms gap junctions?

Answer 15

adjacent granulosa cells and oocyte surface

Question 16

what stimulates early follicle development?

Answer 16

growth factors and cytokines

Question 17

what causes the follicles to grow and eggs to mature?

Answer 17

FSH and LH

Question 18

where are FSH-knockout mice arrested?

Answer 18

preantral stage

Question 19

where are LH knockout mice arrested?

Answer 19

antral stage

Question 20

what do thecal cells produce?

Answer 20

androgens and progestagens

Question 21

what does FSH stimulate cause granulosa cells to convert androgens to?

Answer 21

oestradiol 17beta and oestrone

Question 22

later in menstrual cycle, LH causes synthesis of what from granulosa cells?

Answer 22

progesterone

Question 23

what does an increase in androgen cause?

Answer 23

granulosa cell proliferation and increased oestrogen production

Question 24

what does an Lh surge cause?

Answer 24

entry into preovulatory phase of growth, resumption of meiosis up to metaphase II, secondary oocyte forms, cytoplasmic maturation occurs, transient rise is oestrogens and androgens

Question 25

under LH stimulates granulosa cells switch their steriod hormone production how?

Answer 25

from oestrogen to progesterone production

Question 26

why is progesterone release essential?

Answer 26

depresses the growth of less mature follicles, promotes transition to progestagenic phase of cycle

Question 27

what is the corpus luteum formed of?

Answer 27

large lutein cells (granulosa) and small lutein cells (thecal) and is highly vascualrised

Question 28

what hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 28

progesterone, androgens and inhibin and oxytocin

Question 29

what are inhibin and oxytocin important for?

Answer 29

maintaining the corpus luteum and for luteolysis

Question 30

what is LH rrequired for?

Answer 30

lutenisation

Question 31

whcih hormones maintain corpus luteum?

Answer 31

progesterone, oestrogen, prolactin