Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro Bio 2 > Sperm transport, maturation > Flashcards

Sperm transport, maturation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mechanism of sperm transport in species with retained phallus

A
  • mechanism of erection if lymphatic, not vascular

- semen transferred via groove along outside of phallus instead of tube in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of penises

A
  • musculocavernosus: large amount of erectile tissue (horse, dog, cat, human)
  • fibro-elastic: fibroelastic tissue with smaller amounts of erectile tissue –> sigmoid flexure that straightens (artiodactyls)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

corpus cavernosa and tunica albuginea

A
  • paired corpus cavernosa enclosed in tunica albuginea
  • separation of sides in incomplete
  • high pressure system that supplies rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

corpus spongiosum

A
  • surrounds urethra
  • terminates as glans penis
  • low pressure system to increase penile volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Innervation of penis

A
  • autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic)

- sensory/motor via pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is responsible for keeping the non-erect penis within the prepuce

A

Paired retractor penis muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why can’t penis in juveniles be fully extended

A

Penis is attached to the prepuce (attachment later breaks down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 phases of erection

A
  • flaccid
  • tumescence
  • stable erection
  • detumescence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flaccid state

A
  • maintained by tonic contraction of smooth muscle in corpora
  • arteries supplying them under the influence of sympathetic adrenergic input
  • little blood enters vascular spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Erection

A
  • psychic stimuli on brain, tactile stimuli on penis –> decreased sympathetic tone, increased parasympathetic tone
  • relaxation of penile arterioles and smooth muscle
  • increased formation of NO and cGMP –> mediates relaxation, blood flows into erectile corpora
  • venous drainage compressed (expansion of corpora, contraction of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus mm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Detumescence

A
  • sympathetic tone increases, parasympathetic decreases
  • synthesis of NO and cGMP ceases
  • brief increase in corpus cavernosal pressure as smooth mm contracts under influence of noradrenalin
  • venous outflow re-established
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 components of ejaculation

A
  • emission

- expulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ejacation mediates by

A
  • mediated by spinal reflexes within spinal ejaculation generator
  • integrates sensory inputs from genitalia –> triggers ejaculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Located on penile skin, glans, urethral, within the corpus cavernosum –> information sent via dorsal penile and pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

emission in ejaculation

A
  • getting all components of ejaculation into pelvic urethra
  • secretion of fluids from accessory glands, contraction of cauda epididymis and vas deferens containing sperm, and closure of sphincter at bladder neck and external urethral sphincter
  • parasympathetic: stimulates secretion of fluids bu accessory glands
  • sympathetic: muscle contraction of accessory glands to expel fluid, cauda epididymus, and vas deferens to move sperm - contracts bladder and external urethral sphincters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

expulsion in ejaculation

A
  • continued sexual stimulation causes further activation of spinal systems - reaching threshold triggers expulsion
  • rhythmic contractions of urethral smooth muscle and straiated bulbospongiosus muscle act to expel semen from urethra
  • rhythmic contractions of ischiocavernosus, levator ani, and external urethral sphincter muscles
  • followed by refractory period where sexual arousal is inhibited
17
Q

activation of sperm motility

A
  • kept immotile during storage in cauda, activated during emission and ejaculation when mixed with accessory sex gland fluids
  • show progressive motility
  • activated motility is when they are activated by dilution of sperm in accessory sex gland fluid
18
Q

sperm transport

A
  • transport is a function of their motility and mechanical movement by contractions of female
  • female influences motility by spatial constraints, epithelial cell surface characteristics, physical properties of tract secretions
19
Q

factors that influence the mechanisms and speed of sperm transport to the site of fertilization (4)

A
  • species variation in size, morphology of sperm
  • duration of estrus and timing of ovulation
  • anatomical site of sperm deposition (number of barriers)
  • lifespan of sperm within female tract
20
Q

rapid sperm transport

A
  • some sperm found in oviduct within minutes (usually non-viable)
  • due to contractions of female tract and changes in intraluminal pressure
  • these sperm not involved in fertilization process
21
Q

sperm transport though cervix

A
  • cervical mucus prevents passage of appreciable amounts of seminal plasma into upper tract
  • sperm must get through mucus, cervical folds (deep crypts) –> privileged pathways (sperm in crypts are more likely to reach uterus)
  • cervical mucus is sperm reservoir
  • cervix is selective barrier to filter out weak/abnormal sperm
22
Q

sperm transport through uterus and oviduct

A
  • uterine contractility is important for distributing sperm throughout uterus
  • presence of the male, coitus, and products within the semen increase uterine contractions
  • prostaglandins in seminal plasma increase myometrial contraction
  • estrogen in seminal plasma increases uterine contraction
  • viable sperm can bind to avoid discharge back through cervix
23
Q

functions of sperm storage

A
  • maintain sperm viability
  • serve as site of capacitation
  • synchronize final sperm maturation (capacitation) with ovulation
  • selection of highest quality sperm
24
Q

where is sperm stored in female

A

-caudal isthmus of oviduct (fertilization in ampulla of oviduct)

25
Q

sperm binding

A
  • mediated by glycans on surface of ciliated oviductal epithelial cells that interact with surface proteins (lectins) on seminal plasma membrane
  • lectins are products of accessory glands that coat sperm during emission, ejaculation
26
Q

when can sperm bind in the reservoir

A

before they have undergone capacitation –> binding prevents Ca uptake by serum, which prevents capacitation changes and maintains cell in statsis, preserving viability

27
Q

sperm selection process

A
  • ones in lower tract are removed by efflux
  • others are eliminated by leukocytes that invade the uterine lumen in response to insemination
  • excess sperm in oviduct removed by flow out of peritoneal cavity
  • many potential sites of selection (oviduct)
28
Q

what do oviductal binding sites select sperm for

A
  • not capacitated
  • not acrosome reacted
  • morphologically superior
  • chromatin intact (no DNA fragmentation)

Repro Bio 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions