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Repro Bio 2 > Social influence > Flashcards

Social influence Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 biological aims

A
  • ensure your genetics are passed on

- ensure that the next generation is given every opportunity to succeed

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2
Q

what is sexual selection

A

selection of mates within the members of a sex and between the sexes

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3
Q

division of polygynous species

A
  • male defends a harem

- males lek (defend a territory)

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4
Q

what is female reproductive success limited by

A

access to resources to develop eggs and raise offspring

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5
Q

what is male reproductive success limited by

A

access to female eggs

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6
Q

population sex ratio v operational sex ratio

A

population sex ratio of 1:1 is altered to the operational sex ratio because the limiting sex (females) can only mate when not gestating/lactating (males are competing sex)

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7
Q

fertility v fecundity

A
  • fertility: the ability to produce young

- fecundity: fruitfulness, ability to produce many young

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8
Q

why do females choose

A
  • best genetics for offspring (disease resistance, cope with environment, breeding success)
  • best resources
  • avoid exposing herself to disease
  • paternal assistance with offspring care
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9
Q

when should females not be choosy

A
  • population density is low

- too much energy or too dangerous to be choosy

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10
Q

types of visual cues in reproduction

A
  • intersexual selection (mate selection): secondary sex characteristics to advertise fitness
  • intrasexual selection (male competition): dominance hierarchy
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11
Q

types of olfactory cues in reproduction

A
  • sending a notice: pheromones (secreted by female to attract male)
  • intersexual selection (mate selection): inbreeding avoidance, MHC heterozygosity
  • can determine health of potential mates
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12
Q

types of auditory cues in reproduction

A
  • sending a notice
  • intersexual selection (mates)
  • intrasexual selection (dominance)
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13
Q

what is the whitten effect

A
  • involves introduction of a novel male into a group of females
  • females housed in groups often have suppressed cycles
  • introduction of male overcomes this suppression, and the induced cycles are synched in a majority of females
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14
Q

whitten effect in sheep and goat breeding

A
  • ram or buck effect
  • used to hasten the entry of late anestrus ewes and does into the breeding season
  • pheremones from buck/ram are responsible (produced under influence of DHT)
  • female MOS and AOS detect signals –> go to KNDy neurons –> increases GnRH release
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15
Q

female ewes/does in ram/buck effect

A
  • ones with well-developed follicles with experience LH surge in 24 hours, ovulate by day 3
  • CL undergoes early luteolysis
  • second ovulation 6-9days after –> then regular cycles
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16
Q

physiology behind female ewes/does in ram/buck effect

A
  • follicles at first are of lower quality
  • increased gonadotropins after male introduction
  • lower quality CL –> reduced progesterone
  • follicle growth –> increased estrogen
  • premature onset of luteolysis
17
Q

silent estrus in ewes and does

A
  • ewes: first and often second are silent
  • does: most silent in first, all show signs by second
  • ewes need progesterone-priming to show estrus while does don’t
  • ewes: lower progesterone not enough to prime them for second heat –> silent heats
18
Q

the bruce effect

A
  • rodent species
  • when you expose an early pregnant female (prior to implantation) to a different male, her pregnancy will fail, and she will return to estrus
  • explanation 1: pheromone in male urine increases dopamine release –> suppression of prolactin –> CL regresses
  • explanation 2: testes of mice secrete estrogens –> excreted in urine –> absorbed into females via vomeronasal organ –> too much estrogen makes pregnancy fail
19
Q

lee-boot effect

A
  • females housed in crowded groups have extended estrous cycles by entering a period of pseudopregnancy/extended diestrus
  • estrogen dependent pheromone in urine increases prolactin in other mice
20
Q

coolidge effect

A

males mated to exhaustion or refusal with one female will recover libido when exposed to anotehr female

21
Q

the perils of signaling

A
  • many signals are used by predators and parasites as a means of locating prey and hosts
  • sexual selection is acting against natural selection
22
Q

techniques used by wimpy males

A
  • lekking species: have your territory near that of a dominant male and intercept females
  • satellite male crickets avoid parasitism by letting signing males attract them
  • impersonate dominant male
  • wait for dominant males to be fighting/occupied

Repro Bio 2 (9 decks)

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