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Repro Bio 2 > Pharmacological manipulation > Flashcards

Pharmacological manipulation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

reasons to manipulate estrous cycle

A
  • improve reproductive efficiency
  • assisted/advanced reproductive techniques
  • improve management convenience/efficiency
  • management of undesirable behavior
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2
Q

basic approaches to manipulation (6)

A
  • mimic CL by administering progesterone
  • lyse CL by administering PGF2a
  • induce ovulation of mature follicle by causing LH surge
  • prevent cyclicity by suppressing hypothalamo-pituitary acis
  • induce cyclicity in anestrus animal
  • increase ovulation rate by administering FSH
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3
Q

mimic the CL in cattle

A
  • menengesterol acetate (MGA): given to feedlot heifers to prevent pregnancy orally, fertility at first cycle after discontinuation usually poor
  • synchro-mate b: ear implant and injection –> estradiol supposed to be luteolytic –> most in heat within 4 days of removal (give PGF2a on day of implant removal)
  • CIDR-B: controlled internal drug release –> leave in, give prostaglandin on last day, estrus 1-3d after removal
  • PRID: progesterone releasing intravaginal device
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4
Q

mimic the CL in sheep/goats

A
  • MGA
  • syncro-mate
  • intravaginal devices (progesterone sponges, intravaginal plastic devices)
  • feed additives and sponges are off-label in US
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5
Q

mimic the CL in horses

A
  • regumate: progestagen given orally or on feed once a day –> widely used in breeding management and to keep performance mares from showing estrus
  • injectable progesterone
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6
Q

mimic the CL in bitches

A
  • pyometra is always a risk

- megesterol acetate: given orally in proestrus to stop entering heat or in anestrus to delay next heat

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7
Q

how to lyse the CL

A
  • animal must be cycling, CL must be at responsive state of development
  • PGF2a and its analogs
  • 2 injections often given since only 60% respond to first
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8
Q

lyse the CL in cattle

A
  • lutalyse or estrumate
  • 2 doses
  • inseminated at observation of estrus or after some number of hours multiple times
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9
Q

lyse the CL in sheep/goats

A
  • lutalyse, estumate

- 2 doses

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10
Q

lyse the CL in horses

A
  • lutalyse or estrumate
  • mare will get colicky and sweat for an hour
  • will see heat in 3-5d
  • 2 doses
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11
Q

lyse the CL in sows

A
  • CL isn’t sensitive until 12 post-ovulation
  • only used in combination with something that lengthens luteal phase or provides an artificial CL
  • lutalyse
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12
Q

how to induce ovulation

A
  • supply GnRH or an analog

- use the animal’s own LH or use HCG that has long-lasting LH activity

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13
Q

induction of ovulation in cows

A
  • cystorelin and factrel
  • both gonadotropins
  • also treat follicular cysts
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14
Q

induction of ovulation in horse

A
  • HCG when in estrus
  • commercial “natural” GnRH preparations aren’t reliable
  • implants are off the market
  • injectable products available
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15
Q

induction of ovulation in cat

A

-HCG on day 1 or 2 of estrus

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16
Q

GhRH super agonists

A
  • used to stabilize cycles before attempting superovulation
  • smooth out menopause
  • down-regulate pituitary responses to GnRH but first get a surge of gonadotropin output and ovarian stimulation
  • can cause anestrus after a surge of gonatropin output and ovarian stimulation
17
Q

GnRH antagonists

A
  • gradually replacing GnRH super agonists
  • compete with GnRH for receptors at the pituitary
  • no initial burst of activity
18
Q

mibolerone drops

A
  • bitches

- anabolic steroid –> supplies feedback inhibition of hypothalamus (suppresses GnRH)

19
Q

induction of cyclicity in the queen

A
  • GnRH until estrus

- FSH then HCG to cause ovulation

20
Q

induction of cyclicity in the bitch

A
  • dopamine agonists induce estrus, shorten diestrus

- GnRH super agonists induce fertile estrus before down-regulation

21
Q

superovulation

A
  • higher doses of FSH given
  • started mid-diestrus, injections daily
  • dose of prostaglandin given
  • ovulate more rapidly than ones not super-ovulated
22
Q

melatonin implants or in feed

A

induce out of season cyclicity in sheep/goats

23
Q

vaccination against androstenedione

A
  • fertagyl (sheep)
  • decreases estradiol production, thus decrease inhibition of GnRH and gonadotropins
  • increase ovulation rate

Repro Bio 2 (9 decks)

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