Speech sound acquisition

Question 1

What are the 6 milestones of infant speech?

Answer 1

Birth cry/vegetative sounds (0-1m), cooing (1-4m), marginal babbling (4-6m), vocal play (6-8m), echolalia (8-12m), jargon (9-12m)

Question 2

What are some environmental variables affecting intelligibility? (2)

Answer 2

Background noise, context

Question 3

What are some listener variables affecting intelligibility? (3)

Answer 3

Hearing, familiarity, language background

Question 4

What are some speaker variables affecting intelligibility? (4)

Answer 4

Speech sound accuracy, volume, prosody, single words easier than conversational speech

Question 5

How is intelligibility assessed? (3)

Answer 5

Intelligibility index from speech sample (intelligible words/total words), scale from another listener eg. % or 0-10, GFTA-2 intelligibility subtest

Question 6

How intelligible should a child be to their parents at 18, 24, and 36 months?

Answer 6

25%, 50-75%, 75-100%

Question 7

How intelligible should a child be to strangers at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months?

Answer 7

25%, 50%, 75%, 100%

Question 8

What are the 5 earliest sounds to acquire?

Answer 8

/m, n, p, b, w/

Question 9

What are the 5 latest sounds to acquire?

Answer 9

/θ, d, r, ʒ, dʒ/

Question 10

What are typical phonological processes from 3;0? (6)

Answer 10

Gliding, deaffrication, fronting, cluster reduction, weak syllable deletion, stopping

Question 11

What are typical phonological processes from 2;0-3;0? (3)

Answer 11

Voicing, assimilation, final consonant deletion

Question 12

What are atypical phonological processes?

Answer 12

Initial consonant deletion, medial consonant deletion/substitution, backing of stops/fricatives/affricates, extensive final consonant deletion, devoicing, sound preference