Articulation and phonology overview

Question 1

What is a speech sound disorder?

Answer 1

Any disruption to normal speech that results in an individual being difficult to understand (impaired intelligibility or naturalness)

Question 2

What are the 4 developmental/functional SSDs?

Answer 2

Phonological delay, phonological disorder, inconsistent phonological disorder, articulation disorder

Question 3

What is an articulation disorder?

Answer 3

Inability to produce a perceptually acceptable version of particular phones either in isolation or in any phonetic context due to a structural or functional cause

Question 4

What are some structural causes of articulation disorder? (2)

Answer 4

Tongue tie, macroglossia

Question 5

Describe the different types of lisps (4)

Answer 5

Interdental (tongue between teeth), dentalised (tongue tip touches front teeth), lateral (air escapes over sides of tongue for /s, z/, palatal (tongue in contact with palate)

Question 6

What is a phonological impairment?

Answer 6

Problems organising speech sounds into a system of meaningful sound
contrasts (phonemic contrasts)

Question 7

Define age-appropriate errors patterns

Answer 7

Patterns used by at least 10% of children in the same age band

Question 8

Define delayed error patterns

Answer 8

Patterns not used by 10% of the children in the same age band but used by more than 10% of younger children

Question 9

Define disordered error patterns

Answer 9

Atypical errors seen in less than 10% of the typical population at any age

Question 10

Define inconsistent phonological disorder

Answer 10

When a child demonstrates inconsistent phonological patterns, specifically, at least 40% variability. Multiple error forms for the same lexical item must be observed since correct/incorrect realizations may reflect a maturing system.