Speech perception Chapter Flashcards
Describe the anatomical difference between voiced and non-voiced speech
Vocalisation begins when air is exhaled from the lungs through the trachea (windpipe) into the larynx (voicebox). the larynx consists of the glottis (an opening) and the vocal folds (two flaps of retractable muscular tissue.) During whispering, the vocal folds are spread apart, allows the air stream to pass through in a turbulent manner, perceived as hissing but during normal “voiced” speech, the vocal folds are stretched over the glottis and the air pressure from the lungs causes them to vibrate rapidly in a manner that is perceived as a buzz. (ssss vs zzzz).
What else anatomically shapes a sound?
The rate or frequency of the vocal cord vibration is perceived as pitch. Above the larynx, the. vocal tract contains several chambers: The Pharynx (throat); the nasal cavity; the oral cavity and the opening between the lips, each chamber has a certain range of resonances that are determined by shape and length. The certain configurations of these chambers are modified during speech production by tmoving the following articulators: The velum (soft palate, which opens and closes the nasal cavity; the tongue body, the tongue tip, the tongue root; and the lips.
Where does the dual stream model begin?
The level of the primary auditory cortex at the level of the primary auditory cortex in Heschl’s Gyrus, together with neighbouring fields on the dorsal plane of the superior temporal gyrus. These areas conduct spectrotemporal analysis of auditory signals received from the thalamus- that is, they extract information about which sound frequencies are modulated at which rates, for speech as well as non-speech stimuli. They then project to other sectors of both the STG and STS that are believed to represent a phonological network.
