Speech Exam Flashcards
term for our tendency to accept only information that agrees with what we already think about ourselves
Selective Self-verification
Theory for labeling ourselves that comes from the practice of comparison
Social Comparison theory
Acronym for receiving criticism
GAIN
Glean
Accept
Implement
Normalize
Acronym for giving criticism
SAFER
Specific
Approve
Focus
Empathy
Respect
Method used to convey the message while speaking
From
Sight and sound while speaking
Channels
how field of experience effects communication
using vague discerptions or telling your audience to picture something, they’ll all think of something different based off their past experiences
five types of communication
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
mass
small-group
public
Theory where self-concept is base on what you think other people think about you
Reflected Appraisal Theory
focus of attention on a single sound with little understanding
attending
Effective listeners are able to… (6)
listen actively
listen without prejudice
listen beyond distractions
listen responsively
listen for organization
listen while evaluating nonverbal messages
Bases an argument on circular reasoning or an unproven assumption
Circular reasoning (begging the question)
bases an argument on the man not the message
Ad Hominem
Draws conclusions from too little evidence
Hasty generalization
assumes that what is true of the whole will also be true of the part, or what is true in most instances will be true in all instances
Sweeping generalization
a fallacy that assumes that something has happened as a result of something else, even though the two events are totally unconnected
Post hoc
the arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there’s really not enough evidence for that assumption
Non-sequitur (slippery slope)
5 Types of support
Testimonies
Facts
Statistics
Examples
Definitions
Advanced preparation (__________ and __________) is always best (audience analysis)
interviews and questionnaires
types of support include encouraging stories and illistrations
Friendly audience
types of support include facts, compelling emotional stories
apathetic audience
types of support include facts, statistics, charts, diagrams
hostile audience
mood should be light, familiar, comfortable.
friendly audience
mood should be passionate, enthusiastic, inense
apathetic audience
mood should be professional, conciliatory but insisent
hostile
theme is “keep up the good work! I’m rooting for you”
friendly
theme is “listen to me! you can’t live without this!”
apathetic
theme is “This is good for you, whether you like it or not!”
hostile
Why is it important to record notes in a consistent manner?
efficiency and avoidance of plagiarism
a ____________ lets your audience know what you will be discussing next
preview
a ____________ ____________ can often reduce audience hostility and establish goodwill
personal reference
5 steps in Monroe’s motivational sequence
- attention
- need
- satisfaction
- visualization
- action
3 main parts that are included in Toulmin’s model of argumentation
Data, Claim, Warrant
what is the term for a formula that includes a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion
syllogism
Aristoteles’s three elements necessary for persuasion
Ethos - the character, intelligence, and good will of the speaker
pathos - the use of emotions to motivate an audience
logos - proper reasoning
specific instance —> general conclusion
Induction
Reasons that enough evidence proves a conclusion (type of induction)
sign
Reasoning based on specific actions consistently producing specific results (type of induction)
cause/effect
draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a few examples form that group
example
the appearance of composure
poise
a graduation speech
memorized
thoroughly prepared but not memorized
extemporaneous
physical action that shows where something can be found
locative
An emotional bond established verbally and through visual contact and movement
rapport
How do you disarm a hostile audience
Find common ground, recognize their side, gently coax them to hear your side
