Speech A&P Unit 4: Artic/Resonance

Question 1

Define articulation

Answer 1

bringing mobile and immobile articulators into contact to shape the sounds of speech

Question 2

3 major components of the vocal tract

Answer 2

oral cavity, pharynx, nasal cavity

Question 3

Define the Source Filter Theory of Vowel Production

Answer 3

Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source, such as the sound produced by the vibrating vocal folds, through the filter of the vocal tract, which shapes the output

Question 4

List the mobile articulators

Answer 4

tongue, mandible, velum, lips, cheeks, pharynx, larynx*, fauces (aka faucial pillars)

Question 5

List the immobile articulators

Answer 5

alveolar ridge of the maxilla (upper gum ridge), hard palate, teeth

Question 6

List the bones of the face

Answer 6

mandible (lower jaw), maxilla (upper jaw), nasal bone, palatine process, nasal conchae, vomer, zygomatic process, hyoid

Question 7

Characteristics of Pierre-Robin Sequence

Answer 7

Symptoms: cleft palate, airway obstruction, retracted/underdeveloped lower jaw
Complications: feeding problems (swallowing), ear infections, hearing loss, brain damage (due to low blood oxygen)

Question 8

The primary function of contraction of the superior longitudinal muscles is to cause the tongue tip to ________________________.

Answer 8

elevate

Question 9

The primary function of contraction of the inferior longitudinal muscles is to cause the tongue tip to _______________________ .

Answer 9

depress/move down

Question 10

Unilateral contraction of the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles will cause the tongue tip to ________________________ .

Answer 10

deviate/move to the sides

Question 11

To narrow the tongue one contracts the _____________________ intrinsic muscle.

Answer 11

transverse

Question 12

The _________________________ is the portion of the tooth hidden beneath the gum line.

Answer 12

root

Question 13

The ________________________ is the visible 1/3 of the tooth.

Answer 13

crown

Question 14

The ________________________ surface of a tooth is that which could come in contact with the cheek wall.

Answer 14

buccal

Question 15

The _________________________ surface is the contact region between teeth of the upper and lower arches.

Answer 15

occlusal

Question 16

Name 3 teeth not found in the deciduous arch (baby teeth)?

Answer 16

3rd molar (wisdom tooth)
1st and 2nd bicuspids

Question 17

_________________________ is the overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors so that little of the mandibular incisors is visible.

Answer 17

overbite

Question 18

The prominent ridges running laterally on the hard palate are called _________________________.

Answer 18

rugae

Question 19

The _________________________ tonsils are found between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars.

Answer 19

palatine

Question 20

The orifice of the Eustachian tube is found within the _________________________.

Answer 20

nasopharynx (nasal cavity)

Question 21

The _________________________ is the dominant muscle of the cheeks.

Answer 21

buccinator

Question 22

The _________________________ muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue which will draw the body of the tongue toward the floor of the mouth.

Answer 22

verticalis

Question 23

Function of superior longitudinal muscles of the tongue

Answer 23

elevate tongue tip

Question 24

Function of inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue

Answer 24

depress tongue tip

Question 25

Function of genioglossus and vertical intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 25

produce a deep central groove

Question 26

In a Class ____ malocclusion between the upper and lower dental arches, the first molar of the mandibular arch is retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars.

Answer 26

Class II

Question 27

____ is the vertical projection of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors.

Answer 27

overjet

Question 28

In a Class ____ malocclusion between the upper and lower dental arches, the first mandibular molar is advanced farther than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar.

Answer 28

Class III

Question 29

____ refers to a tooth rotated or twisted on its long axis.

Answer 29

torsiversion

Question 30

____ refers to a condition wherein supraversion of the posterior teeth prohibits the anterior teeth from making contact.

Answer 30

labioversion

Question 31

The ____ muscle arises from the greater cornu of hyoid and inserts into the sides of the tongue.

Answer 31

hyoglossus

Question 32

The ____ muscle arises from the styloid process of the mastoid bone, and inserts into the lateral edges of the tongue upon contraction.

Answer 32

styloglossus

Question 33

The _______ muscle originates in the temporal fossa of the temporal and parietal bones, converges downward and forward, to insert into the coronoid process and ramus.

Answer 33

temporalis

Question 34

The _____ muscle originates at the medial pterygoid plate, courses down and back, and inserts into the mandibular ramus.

Answer 34

medial pterygoid

Question 35

The ____ muscle originates in the mylohyoid line of the inner mandible, courses back and down, and inserts in the median fibrous raphe and inferiorly to the hyoid.

Answer 35

mylohyoid

Question 36

Function of the inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue

Answer 36

depress tongue tip

Question 37

Function of the cricopharyngeus muscle

Answer 37

relaxes the upper esophageal sphincter

Question 38

Function of the musculus uvulae muscle

Answer 38

shortens the soft palate

Question 39

Function of the middle constrictor muscle

Answer 39

narrows the oropharynx

Question 40

Function of the salpingopharyngeus

Answer 40

elevates the pharynx

Question 41

The anterior faucial arch is formed by which muscle?

Answer 41

palatoglossal muscle

Question 42

The posterior faucial arch is formed by which muscle?

Answer 42

palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 43

This muscle makes up the bulk of the tongue, and is the primary mover.

Answer 43

genioglossus muscle

Question 44

Anatomical deviation that causes a heart-shaped tongue tip during protrusion

Answer 44

short lingual frenum

Question 45

The ____ muscle arises from the styloid process of the mastoid bone, and will elevate and retract the posterior tongue upon contraction.

Answer 45

styloglossus

Question 46

Which muscle/s serve to depress the soft palate?

Answer 46

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

Question 47

Which muscle/s dilates the Eustachian Tube?

Answer 47

tensor veli palatini

Question 48

Which muscle/s elevate the posterior tongue?

Answer 48

palatoglossuse and styloglossus

Question 49

Which intrinsic lingual muscle will draw the body of the tongue toward the floor of the mouth?

Answer 49

vertical/verticalis

Question 50

Which muscle/s are involved in the mastication (chewing) process?

Answer 50

digastricus, masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis

Question 51

Which muscle/s are required to produce the /p/ phoneme?

Answer 51

buccinators, levator veli palatine, tensor veli palatini, orbicularis oris

Question 52

What features of human Anatomy & Physiology determine resonance of speech?

Answer 52

Size and shape of cavities of the vocal tract, function of the velopharyngeal valve, and muscular tension.

Question 53

Why is the uvula not important after infancy?

Answer 53

The velum has a “knee” type action during velopharyngeal closure. The actual contact with the pharyngeal wall/s takes place superior to the uvula.

Question 54

What muscles contribute to velopharyngeal closure?

Answer 54

Levator veli palatini, superior constrictor, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, and musculus uvulae

Question 55

Describe cul-de-sac resonance. Why is it often described as “mumbling?”

Answer 55

Sound resonates in the pharynx, but can’t get through to the oral cavity. This can be caused by posterior tongue carriage, limited oral opening, nasal or oral obstruction, or jaw restriction. The same problem that inhibits resonance can also reduce the space available for articulation.

Question 56

List three critical elements related to the pressures of dysphagia.

Answer 56

Intra oral and pharyngeal pressure is developed by labial seal, velopharyngeal closure, and relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter.

Question 57

Describe the main elements of the oral preparatory stage of mastication and deglutition.

Answer 57

Answer: During the oral preparatory stage of swallowing, the most important element is mastication. This is the processes involved in food preparation. First the lips must be sealed to keep food inside the oral cavity. Then the unchewed food is moved onto the grinding surface of the teeth, it is chewed, and mixed with salivia to better assist the bolus to move to the next step of the process. The tongue also assists in this process by keeping the food inside the oral cavity by effecting a seal along the alveolar rugae. The facial muscles of the buccal wall (buccinator and risorius) contract to keep the food from entering between the cheek wall and gums. The next step involves deglutition, which is also know as swallowing. This requires integration of the lingual, velar, pharyngeal, and facial muscle movement with the laryngeal adjustments and respiratory control. All of this will form the bolus into a “ball,” and be moved into the back of the oral cavity when the anterior tongue elevates the hard palate and squeezes the bolus back toward the faucial pillars. This then leads into the pharyngeal and esophageal stages of the swallow.