Speech A&P Unit 2: Respiration Flashcards
A relative increase in air pressure over atmospheric pressure is known as ________________ pressure.
positive pressure
Alveolar pressure becomes _________(positive/negative) relative to atmospheric pressure during expiration.
positive
An increase in thorax volume will cause a(n)
_________________ (increase/decrease) in alveolar pressure.
decrease
Compression of the ____ will result in reduction of lung volume.
abdomen
Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.
transverse/horizontal/anterior-posterior
Contraction of the diaphragm will cause a(n)
_________________ in intrapleural pressure.
decrease
During non-speech respiration, inspiration takes up about ____% of a cycle of respiration, while expiration takes up about ____ % of the cycle.
inspiration= 40% expiration= 60%
During respiration for speech, inspiration takes up about ____% of a cycle of respiration, while expiration takes up about ____ % of the cycle.
inspiration= 10% expiration= 90%
Gas exchange occurs in the ________________ of the lungs.
alveoli
Resting lung volume ________________ when one moves from a standing position to supine.
decreases
The esophagus is ________ (posterior/anterior) to the trachea.
posterior
The portion of the rib cage consisting of cartilage is termed the ________________ portion.
chondral
The _______________________________ muscle is used to turn the head, but also serves as an accessory muscle of inspiration.
sternocleidomastoid
____ inspiration requires use of diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration.
forced
____ refers to twisting of a shaft while not permitting one end to move.
torque
________________ is defined as the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment.
respiration
True or False: Alveolar pressure becomes positive relative to atmospheric pressure during expiration.
true
True or False: An increase in thorax volume will cause an increase in alveolar pressure.
false
True or False: Compressive strength provides resistance to crushing.
true
True or False: Hyaline cartilage makes up the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passageway.
true
True or False: Tensile strength is the quality of material which keeps fibers from being easily separated when pulled.
true
True or False: The central tendon of the diaphragm is capable of contraction.
false
True or False: The least mobile point of attachment of a muscle is the origin.
true
True or False: The transverse abdominis muscle is superficial to the internal oblique abdominis.
false
True or False: Turbulence within the respiratory passageway decreases the resistance to airflow.
false
True or False: Untorquing means the same thing as recoil.
false
Contraction of the accessory muscles of inspiration increase the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.
transverse
An increase in thorax volume will cause a(n)
_________________ in alveolar pressure.
decrease
Compression of the ____ will result in reduction of lung volume.
abdomen
Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity in the ________________ dimension.
vertical
When the diaphragm contracts, the central tendon is pulled in which direction?
inferiorly and anteriorly
Surfactant is a mucous which serves the lungs by: (3 things)
promoting inflation, enabling smooth movement, & lowering surface tension
The primary role/s of the muscles of the thorax, back, and upper limbs include: (2 things)
head control & trunk control
This muscle originates at the posterior abdominal wall at the vertebral column, courses laterally, and inserts in the transversus abdominis aponeurosis and inner surface of ribs 6-12. Contraction will compress the abdomen.
transverse abdominis
This muscle originates at the inguinal ligament/iliac crest, then fans medially to insert in the cartilaginous portion of the lower ribs and abdominal aponeursis. It serves to rotate and flex the trunk, and compress the abdomen.
internal oblique abdominis
This muscle originates at the osseous portion of the lower 7 ribs, then fans downward to insert at the iliac crest, inguiinal ligament, and abdominal aponeurosis.
external oblique abdominis
This muscle originates as 4 or 5 segments at pubis inferiorly, courses up to segment border, to insert at the xiphoid process and the cartilage of ribs 5-7.
rectus abdominis
This muscle originates in the inferior surfaces of ribs 1-11, and courses down, to insert in the upper surface of the rib immediately below, and serves to elevate the rib.
external intercostal
This muscle originates in the spinous processes of C7 and T1-T3, courses down and laterally, to insert just beyond the angles of ribs 2 through 5.
serratus posterior superior
This muscle originates in the sternum and clavicle, courses in a fanlike lateral direction to converge at the humerus, and serves to elevate the sternum.
pectoralis major
This muscle originates in the transverse process of T7 through T11, courses down and obliquely out, to insert two ribs below the site of origin, and serves to elevate the rib cage.
levator costarum longis
Twisting of a shaft while one end does not move
torquing
The volume of air exchanged during one cycle of respiration
tidal volume
Feeling of a structure using one’s hands
palpation
The process of moving two structures further apart
abduction
Pressure generated as a result of the weight of atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure
The volume of air that can be inspired after a tidal inspiration
inspiratory reserve volume
Using the muscles of inspiration to impede the outflow of air during expiration
checking action
The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume, representing the capacity of air available for speech
vital capacity
Device that measures pressure
manometer
Device that measures volume of expelled air
spirometer
Having the ability and tendency to return to original position
elasticity
Tube-like device that permits observation within the body
endoscope
The ability of a material to resist being pulled apart
tensile strength
