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oral biology > speech > Flashcards

speech Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is a consonant produced?

A

constriction (complete or partial) above the glottis

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2
Q

what is different about the sound production involved in producing a vowel?

A

no constriction above glottis. always vibration of vocal cords.

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3
Q

At what age do babies start to produce vowel and consonants?

A

6 months

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4
Q

At what age are single words formed?

A

9 months

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5
Q

at what age do children form full sentences?

A

30-36 months (2.5 to 3yrs)

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6
Q

What are the requirements of speech?

A
  1. encoding message
  2. motor events
  3. meaning to utterances
  4. sensory feedback
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7
Q

what muscle opens the vocal cords?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

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8
Q

What muscle closes the vocal cords?

A

lateral cricoarytenoid

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9
Q

which muscle control pitch and how?

A

cricothyroid by tensing vocal cords

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10
Q

what is the role of subhyoid muscles during singing?

A

stabilises thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

What are the two ways in which the supralayngeal tract modulates sound at glottis?

A
  1. resonance

2. articulation

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12
Q

What is resonance?

A

richness of sound. modulated by changing the length and shape of supralaryngeal tract

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13
Q

what is a phonemes?

A

segment of word that holds meaning

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14
Q

how can we classify sounds?

A
  1. place of articulation
  2. manner of articulation (plosive, fricatives, nasal)
  3. position of vocal cords (voiced or voiceless)
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15
Q

what are the places of articulation?

A
  1. bilabial
  2. dental
  3. alveolar
  4. palatal
  5. glottal (h)
  6. velar
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16
Q

what is a voiced sound?

A

a position of the vocal cords where they are vibrating

17
Q

what is a voiceless sound?

A

cord relaxed and open

18
Q

what are the three manners of articulation?

A
  1. plosive
  2. fricative
  3. nasal
19
Q

What is a plosive?

A

soft palate raised to close of nasopharynx

ptkodbg

20
Q

what is a nasal manner of articulation?

A

soft palate open and air passes through nasopharynx
oral cavity blocked
nm

21
Q

when air is passed through a constriction in vocal tract?

A

fricative

22
Q

what kind of sensory stimuli are fed back to CNS during speech?

A

air volume, proprioception, tactile info from mouth

23
Q

what are the voiced sounds?

A

BDJ GVZ

24
Q

What are the plosive sounds?

A

ptkodbg

25
Q

what are the voiceless sounds?

A

ptkfs

oral biology (8 decks)

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