speech Flashcards
How is a consonant produced?
constriction (complete or partial) above the glottis
what is different about the sound production involved in producing a vowel?
no constriction above glottis. always vibration of vocal cords.
At what age do babies start to produce vowel and consonants?
6 months
At what age are single words formed?
9 months
at what age do children form full sentences?
30-36 months (2.5 to 3yrs)
What are the requirements of speech?
- encoding message
- motor events
- meaning to utterances
- sensory feedback
what muscle opens the vocal cords?
posterior cricoarytenoid
What muscle closes the vocal cords?
lateral cricoarytenoid
which muscle control pitch and how?
cricothyroid by tensing vocal cords
what is the role of subhyoid muscles during singing?
stabilises thyroid cartilage
What are the two ways in which the supralayngeal tract modulates sound at glottis?
- resonance
2. articulation
What is resonance?
richness of sound. modulated by changing the length and shape of supralaryngeal tract
what is a phonemes?
segment of word that holds meaning
how can we classify sounds?
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation (plosive, fricatives, nasal)
- position of vocal cords (voiced or voiceless)
what are the places of articulation?
- bilabial
- dental
- alveolar
- palatal
- glottal (h)
- velar
what is a voiced sound?
a position of the vocal cords where they are vibrating
what is a voiceless sound?
cord relaxed and open
what are the three manners of articulation?
- plosive
- fricative
- nasal
What is a plosive?
soft palate raised to close of nasopharynx
ptkodbg
what is a nasal manner of articulation?
soft palate open and air passes through nasopharynx
oral cavity blocked
nm
when air is passed through a constriction in vocal tract?
fricative
what kind of sensory stimuli are fed back to CNS during speech?
air volume, proprioception, tactile info from mouth
what are the voiced sounds?
BDJ GVZ
What are the plosive sounds?
ptkodbg
