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Fall 2014 > SPED 1 > Flashcards

SPED 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happened to weak or deformed children in Early Greece?

A

They were cast into a deep cavern in the earth thinking it was best for the children and the public.

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2
Q

How were mentally ill people treated 1200-1700?

A

-thought they were possessed by demons or evil spirits. - they were whipped, tortured, or burned at the stake.

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3
Q

How were the treatment of mentally ill people changed during the 1800’s?

A
  • scientific thought began to replace religious superstition -genetic defects instead of spiritual defects -medical community involved -early mental hospitals / institutions
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4
Q

What is the Eugenics Movement?

A

the goal was to improve the quality of the gene pool by removing and sterilizing those with mental disabilities.

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5
Q

What is the Eugenics Law?

A

Buck v. Bell; Supreme Court ruled that forced sterilization of people with disabilities was not a violation of their constitutional rights.

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6
Q

What helped pave the way for desegregated schools for disabled people?

A

Brown v. Board of Education

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7
Q

What year did the Special Olympics start?

A

1968

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8
Q

What law prohibited discrimination against “otherwise qualified handicapped” individuals in any program or activity receiving federal assistance (1973)?

A

Rehabilitation Act (Section 504)

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9
Q

What court case had parents of residents filed suit to end appalling conditions at an institution?

A

New York ARC v. Rockefeller

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10
Q

What law provided states with funding to establish school programs for students with disabilities (1975)?

A

Education for all Handicapped Children Act

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11
Q

What other Acts are included with the Education for all Handicapped Children Act?

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990) Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) (2004)

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12
Q

What is a measurable impairment or limitation that “interferes with a person’s ability, for example, lift, hear, or learn. It may refer to a physical, sensory, or mental condition” called?

A

Disability

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13
Q

What is a disadvantage that occurs as a result of a disability or impairment. The degree of disadvantage is often dependent on the adaptations made by both the individual and society?

A

Handicap

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14
Q

What does a handicap result from?

A

The interaction between a disability and an environment.

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15
Q

Prior to the establishment of special education, what happened to children with more severe disabilities?

A

They stayed home or were institutionalized.

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16
Q

Prior to the establishment of special education, did students with mild or moderate learning disabilities graduate from school?

A

no, they often dropped out of school.

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17
Q

What is specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student called?

A

Special Education

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18
Q

What may special education require?

A
  • special materials - individualized teaching techniques - specialized equipment and/ or facilities
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19
Q

Who dramatically improved the a child’s wild behavior through patient, systematic educative procedures?

A

Jean Itard

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20
Q

Who became famous as an educator of “idiotic” children?

A

Edouard Sequin

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21
Q

Who is one of the first American thinkers concerned with educating students with disabilities, he also helped fund a school for the blind and organized an experimental school for children with developmental disabilities?

A

Samuel Gridley Howe

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22
Q

Who was a minister who taught students who was deaf and established the first American residential school for the deaf?

A

Thomas Gallaudet

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23
Q

What concept ask “What is attributable to biology and genetics, and what is attributable to environmental factors?”

A

Nature vs. Nurture

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24
Q

In Nature vs. Nurture, which one is widely accepted today?

A

Both heredity and environment can affect disabilities.

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25
Q

What idea and philosophy that we should use “means which are culturally normative as possible,” and led to closing institutions?

A

Normalization

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26
Q

What are systematic efforts were made to move people out of institutions and back into communities?

A

Deinstitutionalization

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27
Q

What did deinstitutionalization result in?

A

more children with disabilities being raised by their families

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28
Q

What 3 essential functions do parent organizations serve?

A

1) Support Groups 2) Provide information regarding services and potential resources 3) Provide structure for obtaining needed services, including legal issues

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29
Q

Who was primarily responsible for the establishment of special education?

A

Parent Groups

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30
Q

What are collective efforts of parents and organizations advocated for persons with disabilities called?

A

Advocacy

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31
Q

What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education, 1954?

A

the victory paved the way for special education advocates

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32
Q

What court case ordered school districts to provide a FAPE to all students with disabilities, educate students with disabilities in the same schools and basically same programs as students without disabilities, and put into place procedural safeguards so that students can challenge schools that do not live up to the courts’ orders?

A

Mills v. Washington, DC, Board of Education and Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

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33
Q

What Act open schools to all students with disabilities and ensure they had a chance to benefit from special education?

A

Education of All Handicapped Students Act (PL 94-142) 1975

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34
Q

What Act extended special education services to ages 3- 5 and established early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities– birth to 2 years?

A

Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments - 1986

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35
Q

What Act says schools may not discriminate against students with disabilities, and schools must provide reasonable accommodations?

A

Section 504

36
Q

Which Act prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in the private sector and protects equal opportunity to employment and public serves, accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications?

A

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990

37
Q

What Act establishes people first language, extends special ed services to include social work , assistive technology, and rehabilitation services, extends provisions for the due process and confidentiality, adds the categories of Autism and Traumatic Brain Injury, and adds transition services to IEP?

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1990 (replaces PL 94- 142)

38
Q

Which Act addresses expulsion issues, requires general education teacher to be a part of the IEP team, requires student with disabilities to participate in statewide and district assessments, and requires a proactive behavior management plan be part of a student with behavior problems IEP?

A

IDEA 1997

39
Q

What is the IDEA eligibility?

A
  • provide services from birth to age 21 -Idea has 2 sections ~ Part B serves children 3 - 21 (IEP) ~Part C serves students ages birth to 2 (IFSP)
40
Q

What are the 6 principles of IDEA?

A

1) Zero reject 2) Nondiscriminatory evaluation 3) Appropriate education 4) Least restrictive environment 5) Procedural due process 6) Parental and student participation

41
Q

Which of the 6 principles prohibits schools from excluding any student with a disability from receiving, appropriate public education?

A

zero reject

42
Q

Which of the 6 principles individualize education fro each student with a disability?

A

Appropriate Education

43
Q

Which of the 6 principles makes schools and parents accountable to each other?

A

Due process

44
Q

What are some rights parents have?

A
  • they are members of teams - parents receive notification before schools do anything about their child’s education - parents have access to school records concerning students
45
Q

What is mandated by IDEA and is a written plan for students age 3 - 21 receiving special education services and must be reviewed and revised at least once a year?

A

IEP

46
Q

What is a document for children under age 3 that describes the services that both the child and family will receive and should be developed within 45 days of referral and be reviewed at 6 month interals?

A

Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)

47
Q

What is person- first language?

A
  • it involves putting the person first, no the disability - it tells us what conditions people have, not what they are
48
Q

What is the highest percentage of special education students?

A

specific learning disability

49
Q

Who can be part of an IEP team?

A
  • parents - general educator - special educator - school system representative - evaluation interpreter - others - student
50
Q

How does a Student’s IEP assure progress?

A
  • assures individualiztion - the student’s right to participate - the student’s right to make progress in the general curriculum - the student’s unique learning needs
51
Q

What is extended from the regular education classroom to residential settings, in order to accommodate the needs of all children with disabilities called?

A

Continuum of Services

52
Q

All students with disabilities are educated with their non-disabled peers is called?

A

Inclusion

53
Q

REfers to the participation of students with disabilities in general education classrooms to the extent appropriate to their needs is called?

A

Mainstreaming

54
Q

Promotes the placement of students with disabilities in the general education classroom for all or most of the school day is called?

A

Regular Education Initiative (REI)

55
Q

How does Inclusion facilitate progress?

A
  • instruction in general classroom - students can receive individualized instruction in the general education classroom - IDEA and NCLB have changed the focus on access to the general curriculum from “Where” to “What” and “How”
56
Q

What are 2 referral processes?

A
  • Response to Intervention (RTI) - Pre referral assistance teams (PATs)
57
Q

What are some accommodations that do not affect the content of the assessment?

A
  • changes in presenting information - changes in responding - changes in timing - changes in setting
58
Q

When are alternative assessments used?

A

for students who cannot perform on grade - level

59
Q

What are some basic principles for communicating with parents, teachers, and other professionals?

A
  • listening - questioning - staying focused
60
Q

What are 3 ways in collaborating with other professionals?

A
  • consultation - collaboration - co-teaching
61
Q

What is a voluntary process in which one professional assists another to address a problem concerning a third party called?

A

Consultation

62
Q

What is a style for direct interaction between at least 2 coequal parties voluntarily engaged in shared decision making as they work toward a common goal called?

A

Interpersonal Collaboration

63
Q

What are two or more professionals jointly delivering instruction to a diverse, or blended, group of students in a single physical space called?

A

Co-teaching

64
Q

What are some ways a school can accommodate for collaborative planning?

A
  • designate a common time for professionals - pay professionals for one extra time a period each week to collaborate or meet with parents - provide early dismissal for students one day a week so team members have a common planning time - teachers schedule brief focused planning periods with one another
65
Q

What are some collaboration issues and dilemmas?

A
  • concerns about co-teaching -student ownership - individual versus class focus - content versus accommodation
66
Q

What is the roles of a paraprofessional?

A
  • providing direct instruction - teaching students how to use learning strategies - performing clerical tasks - supervising students in group settings - working with students in the areas of social skills
67
Q

What is the placement and education of special education students with typical students in the general education classroom called?

A

Inclusion

68
Q

What seeks to make learning assessable to all students called?

A

Universal Design

69
Q

What are some examples of universal design?

A
  • audio or video presentations/ responses - digital talking book - advance organizers - power-point - role playing/ skits - drawings and other materials
70
Q

What is a specially designed instruction for students with disabilities that recognizes that students vary in their background knowledge, readiness, language, preferences, interactions, and RTI

A

Differentiated Instruction

71
Q

What kind of income do families that include a person with developmental disabilities have?

A

lower income and they receive more financial assistance

72
Q

What are you suppose to do if a you encounter an unplanned conference with a parent?

A

Avoid temptation to resolve anything complex and arrange a time to discuss the parent’s concerns in a more appropriate setting

73
Q

What kind of students are not included in SLD?

A
  • Visual, hearing, or motor disability - mental retardation - emotional disturbance - environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage - lack of appropriate instruction in reading
74
Q

What are some terms related to learning disabilities?

A

-dyslexia - dysgraphia - dyscalculia

75
Q

What is dyslexia?

A

severe difficulty in learning to read, particularly with decoding and spelling

76
Q

What is dysgraphia?

A

severe difficulty learning to write, including handwriting

77
Q

What is dyscalculia?

A

severe difficulty in learning mathematical concepts and computations

78
Q

What is the most frequent characteristic of students with learning disabilities?

A

Reading

79
Q

What is a persistent pattern of inattention and/ or hyperactivity-impulsivity more frequent and severe than typical called?

A

-ADHD

80
Q

What are 3 types of ADHD?

A
  • Predominantly Inattentive Type - Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type - Combined type
81
Q

How do you diagnosis ADHD?

A

a medical evaluation from a pediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist

82
Q

In what act was RTI introduced?

A

IDEIA 2004

83
Q

What are the 4 components of RTI?

A
  • Universal screening and progress monitoring - Implementation of effective classroom instructional practices (Tier 1) - Provision of Secondary intervention (Tier 2) - Provision of more intensive individualized intervention (Tier 3)
84
Q

What involves the administration of the same test to all students to determine who is at risk for academic difficulties?

A

Universal screening

85
Q

How often does universal screenings occur?

A

3 times a year

Fall 2014 (6 decks)

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