Spectacle Magnification Flashcards

1
Q

What is anisometropia?

A

two eyes with unequal refractive power

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2
Q

What is antimetropia?

A

subclass of anisometropia - one eye is myopic, one eye is hyperopic

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3
Q

What could occur from anisometropia and antimetropia?

A

aniseikonia

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4
Q

spectacle magnification compares what?

A

size of image seen by person when wearing glasses with the size of the image seen when that same person is not wearing glasses

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5
Q

SM=

A

retinal image size in corrected eye/retinal image in same eye uncorrected

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6
Q

normal image size is taken as image size for the standard emmetropic eye with _ refractive power

A

+60.00 (magnification of 1.00)

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7
Q

What 2 factors contribute to magnification or minification of an image?

A

power of lens

shape of lens

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8
Q

Power factor includes? (2)

A

vertex distance, back vertex power

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9
Q

Shape factor includes? (3)

A

thickness, index of refraction, FBC

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10
Q

SM=

A

(shape factor)(power factor)

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11
Q

shape factor=

A

1/[1-(t/n)f)]

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12
Q

power factor=

A

1/[1-(dP)]

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13
Q

relative spectacle magnification compares what?

A

standard emmetropic eye with magnification of an ametropic eye

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14
Q

RSM=

A

image size for CORRECTED ametropic eye/standard image size for standard emmetropic eye

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15
Q

What is Knapp’s Law? His untrue assumption?

A

When a refractive error is caused by excessively long or short eyeball length (axial), vertex distance of 15mm will create retinal images of same size, no matter what
–assuming spectacle lenses are flat and thin

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16
Q

percent gain in magnification =

A

(Mspec-1)*100%

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17
Q

The aperture of the eye is the entrance pupil is the _, located _mm behind cornea

A

pupil, 3

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18
Q

in power factor equation, d =

A

vertex distance + 3mm to entrance pupil (in METERS)

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19
Q

when considering CLs, d=

A

3mm

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20
Q

Even ~6% is a noticeable difference and is and advantage of contact lenses for myopes

21
Q

only using power factor with - lenses is very similar to shape factor and power factor because:

A

minus lenses CT doesn’t usually vary much

flatter FBC

22
Q

Difference with aniseikonic symptoms vs uncorrected refractive error symptoms is:

A

symptoms are not helped by rx

problems appear after other problems are corrected

23
Q

indications for clinicially significant aniseikonia:

A

high anisometropia, high astigmatism
IOL, optic atrophy
spatial distortion
better comfort when only one eye is used

24
Q

physiologic (natural) aniseikonia is useful in small amounts created how?
gives clues to?

A

different locations of two eyes

depth, object location

25
symmetrical aniseikonia is
equally smaller/larger in every meridian
26
meridional aneiseikonia is is it symmetrical? caused by?
meridional size difference in a meridian of one eye compared with that of the other eye - yes, symmetrical - significant astigmatism
27
asymmetrical aniseikonia:
progressive increase/decrease across the visual field
28
with accommodation relaxed, parallel rays of light do not focus on the retina when _ is present
ametropia
29
2 types of ametropia?
axial - unequal eye lengths | refractive - unequal curvature of refractive components of the eye
30
if K readings are equal, rxs are significantly different; _ ametropia is present
axial
31
K readings are different proportionally to rxs; _ ametropia is present
refractive
32
is spectacle lenses are used for high astigmatism, each meridian will cause different amounts of magnification -correction of choice would be _
contact lenses
33
When using eyewear to correct aniseikonia: | use frame with _ vertex distance
short
34
When using eyewear to correct aniseikonia: | use frame with _ eyesize
small, reduces vertex distance
35
When using eyewear to correct aniseikonia: | use _ lens design, which _ base curve
aspheric, flattens
36
When using eyewear to correct aniseikonia: | use _ lens material
high index, thins plus lens CT
37
when correcting aniseikonia for presbyopes, it may be necessary to correct _ at the same time
vertical imbalance
38
_ is a lens to assist in the matching of retinal sizes
size lens or iseikonic lens
39
when correcting aniseikonia with specs, keep decentration _
to a minimum (frame pd=pt pd as much as possible)
40
base curves range from _ to _
.50 to 8.00
41
if you choose to use aspheric lenses, you must _
use it in both lenses!
42
for poly or trivex: finished= _ mm min CT semi-finished= _mm min CT
1. 0 | 1. 5
43
normal vertex distance is _ mm | _ mm is too close, lash crash
13 | 11
44
thickness: _ mm is industry standard min poly or trivex, surfaced to _mm or thick stock lens as _ mm
2.0 1.5 mm 1mm
45
if you bring retinal image size between eyes to be just less than _%, patients can fuse 95% of the time
4%
46
4 lens components:
FBC index of refraction vertex distance center thickness
47
we cannot add _
minification
48
``` to add magnification: steepening FBC = _ CT increasing CT = _ magnification flattening FBC = _ CT decreasing CT = _ magnification ```
adds increases reduces decreases
49
increasing vertex distance for any lens, makes it more _ power, and _ magnification
plus | increases