Spectacle Magnification Flashcards
What is anisometropia?
two eyes with unequal refractive power
What is antimetropia?
subclass of anisometropia - one eye is myopic, one eye is hyperopic
What could occur from anisometropia and antimetropia?
aniseikonia
spectacle magnification compares what?
size of image seen by person when wearing glasses with the size of the image seen when that same person is not wearing glasses
SM=
retinal image size in corrected eye/retinal image in same eye uncorrected
normal image size is taken as image size for the standard emmetropic eye with _ refractive power
+60.00 (magnification of 1.00)
What 2 factors contribute to magnification or minification of an image?
power of lens
shape of lens
Power factor includes? (2)
vertex distance, back vertex power
Shape factor includes? (3)
thickness, index of refraction, FBC
SM=
(shape factor)(power factor)
shape factor=
1/[1-(t/n)f)]
power factor=
1/[1-(dP)]
relative spectacle magnification compares what?
standard emmetropic eye with magnification of an ametropic eye
RSM=
image size for CORRECTED ametropic eye/standard image size for standard emmetropic eye
What is Knapp’s Law? His untrue assumption?
When a refractive error is caused by excessively long or short eyeball length (axial), vertex distance of 15mm will create retinal images of same size, no matter what
–assuming spectacle lenses are flat and thin
percent gain in magnification =
(Mspec-1)*100%
The aperture of the eye is the entrance pupil is the _, located _mm behind cornea
pupil, 3
in power factor equation, d =
vertex distance + 3mm to entrance pupil (in METERS)
when considering CLs, d=
3mm
Even ~6% is a noticeable difference and is and advantage of contact lenses for myopes
–
only using power factor with - lenses is very similar to shape factor and power factor because:
minus lenses CT doesn’t usually vary much
flatter FBC
Difference with aniseikonic symptoms vs uncorrected refractive error symptoms is:
symptoms are not helped by rx
problems appear after other problems are corrected
indications for clinicially significant aniseikonia:
high anisometropia, high astigmatism
IOL, optic atrophy
spatial distortion
better comfort when only one eye is used
physiologic (natural) aniseikonia is useful in small amounts created how?
gives clues to?
different locations of two eyes
depth, object location