Progressive Lenses Flashcards

1
Q

with progressive lenses, instead of hard ledge, the curve _

A

gradually slopes off from top to bottom (results in unwanted astigmatism)

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2
Q

add power can be measured _

A

with lens clock (not ideal way)

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3
Q

astigmatism contour plot shows distribution and amount of _

each lines represents _D

A

cylinder

0.50

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4
Q

mean power plot:

mean power =

A

sphere + 1/2(cyl)

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5
Q

mean power plot shows magnitude and distribution of _

A

plus power change

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6
Q

eye-path power profile is a graph of _

A

power from fitting cross, through channel, and near zone

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7
Q

eye-path power profile reveals _ at 95% of add

shows _ of near zone power

A

corridor length

stability

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8
Q

on eye-path power profile, x-axis=_

y-axis=_

A

add power

distance above or below vertical center of lens

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9
Q

design parameters for progressive lenses:

A

base/add power
corridor length
near zone width
distance zone characteristics

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10
Q

the ultimate progressive:

A

distance viewing like SV
8x35 intermediate
executive near zone
no blur

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11
Q

if wide, clear distance produces:

A

hard line along 180, excessive astigmatism below 180

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12
Q

wide intermediate produces:

A

cyl in distance, extra-long corridor

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13
Q

extra wide reading area produces:

A

excessive blur, swim sensation, short channel not very functional

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14
Q

_ area is most critical, patients are more sensitive to blur during this viewing

A

distance

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15
Q

soft designs produce:

A

cyl in distance, extra long corridor

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16
Q

in high add powers, near zone _ dramatically; distance confinement _

A

decreased; increases (also gets smaller)

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17
Q

rotational PALs:
_ lens for both eyes,
used by _

A

same

twisting

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18
Q

multidesign PALs

A
  • one design fits all

- manufacturer prescribed lens

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19
Q

family design:
_ designs, patient sticks with one
specific lifestyle

A

consistent (4)

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20
Q
PALs designed specifically for hyperopes:
reduced _
especially at _
makes _ zone extra wide
to achieve this, put extra cyl at _
A

visual field
near
near
distance

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21
Q

PALs designed specifically for myopes:
clear _ is most desirable
usually don’t need width at near due to minifying effect
to achieve this, put extra cyl at _

A

distance

near

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22
Q

PALs designed specifically for emmetropes:

emphasis to offer maximum _ fields

A

all (intermediate, near, distance)

23
Q

_ patients are the most difficult to be successful with

A

emmetropic presbyopes

24
Q

freeform is also known as _

A

digital surfacing

25
Q

traditional lenses perform optimally only for a limited number of rx powers, optical performance _ as it deviates from that

A

deteriorates

26
Q

with digital/freeform progressives, PAL is on _ surface

A

back

27
Q

with digital PALs, intermediate and near zones are _, therefore, minimum _ is experienced

A

wider

swim

28
Q

seg heights in digital lenses can range in fitting height from _ (used to be _)

A

11mm, 22mm

29
Q

freeform power ranges from _ to _, out to _ cyl

A

+6 to -10, -4 cyl

30
Q

digital PALS cost:

A

225-800

31
Q

What is almost the single most important thing to do when measuring for PAL?

A

PRE-ADJUST THE FRAME (and take mono PD)

32
Q

If patient can see near/intermediate with only one eye, but not both together, what is the problem?

A

Incorrectly mono PD

33
Q

Seg height for tall patients should fit _

A

lower

34
Q

When fitting sunglass PALs, fit seg _

A

lower

35
Q

higher add =
_ unwanted cyl
_ near and intermediate zones

A

more
smaller
(these patients take a longer time to acclimate)

36
Q

as you go from fixed 11mm to 18mm corridor, the intermediate zone _

A

grows

37
Q

you have complete control over intermediate zone with (fixed or variable)?

A

fixed

38
Q

variable designs require a _ or higher height

A

18mm

39
Q

variable designs sacrifice:

A

a good transition zone

40
Q

(soft or hard designs) are easier to acclimate to?

A

soft

41
Q

(soft or hard designs) offer largest zones (near OR intermediate)

A

hard

42
Q

today’s PALs are a mix of _

A

hard and soft designs

43
Q

the only location where prism can be read

A

Prism Reference Point (PRP)

44
Q

book on PALs?

A

Progressive Lens Identifier

45
Q

what marking is very important?

A

FITTING CROSS LOCATION

46
Q

you must know amount of _ when fitting PAL

A

faceform and pantiscopic tilt, minimum vertex distance too

47
Q

when fitting PALs, preadjust with _ degrees of _ tilt

A

8-12, panto

48
Q

for computer PALs
you need _ measurement
pupils must be within _mm of datum line

A

near PD

5

49
Q

for PALs,
avoid _ frames
nose pads are _
deeper is better for _

A

aviator
good
desirable

50
Q

always leave _ on PAL when fitting to pupil center

A

markings

51
Q

after adjusting PALs, check _ vision, then _, then _

A

distance, near, intermediate (demonstrate where it’s not usable)

52
Q

when adjusting a troubled PAL patient, you must _

A

REMARK THE LENSES

53
Q

3 magical adjustments for troubled PAL pt:

A
  1. increase panto angle
  2. increase faceform
  3. reduce vertex distance