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CC1 LEC > Specimen Consideration > Flashcards

Specimen Consideration Flashcards

1
Q

Phlebotomy

A

The process of collecting blood “to cut a vein”

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2
Q

Two main phlebotomy procedures:

A

Venipuncture

Capillary puncture

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3
Q

Public Relations & Client Interaction

A

Professionalism
-Appearance, Attitude, Communication skills, Bedside Manner

Patient Consent (implied consent)

Legal Issues

Infection Control (PPE, hand hygiene, isolation)

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4
Q

Arteries and veins are comprised of three layers of tissue:

A

Tunica intima
Innermost, smooth layer

Tunica media
Middle, thickest layer

Tunica adventitia
Outer covering

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5
Q

____ comprise only one layer of tissue.

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Has a larger concentration of oxygen than carbon dioxide

Pumped by the heart to the body cells

Bright red

A

Arterial Blood

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7
Q

Has a larger concentration of carbon dioxide

Pumped by the heart to the lungs

A

Venous Blood

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8
Q

Elastic, muscular and thick walled

Arterial blood is bright red (oxygenated blood)

A

Arteries

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9
Q

Thinner walls

Venous blood is dark red (deoxygenated blood)

A

Veins

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10
Q

Smallest blood vessels.

One cell thick to allow for gas and nutrient exchange.

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

The most commonly used veins for venipuncture are located in the

A

antecubital fossa.

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12
Q

Which vein is best for venipuncture?

A

Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein

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13
Q

Hand Veins

A

Dorsal venous arch

Metacarpal plexus

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14
Q

When the antecubital veins are not accessible, the ___ may be used for venipuncture.

A

hand veins

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15
Q

_____ are smaller and less anchored.

This can be very painful for the patient.

A

Hand veins

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16
Q

III. Types of Blood Specimens

A

Whole blood
Plasma
Serum

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17
Q

Whole blood
Contains the ___ portion of the blood (____) and the ____ _____

A

Liquid; plasma; cellular components 45% of TBV

  • Arterial
  • Venous
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18
Q

Oxygenated blood with bright red color

A

Arterial

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19
Q

Deoxygenated blood with a dark red color

A

Venous

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20
Q

PLASMA %
The liquid portion of an ____ or ______ blood
Contains _____

A

55%
unclotted/anticoagulated
fibrinogen

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21
Q

The liquid portion of clotted blood

Plasma minus the fibrinogen

A

Serum

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22
Q

Venipuncture Equipment

Three (3) Basic Methods

A

Evacuated Tube System
Needle and Syringe
Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly)

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23
Q

made of pliable rubber or a strip with Velcro
Used to locate the patients veins

applied to a patient’s arm during venipuncture.
must not be left on longer than _

A

Tourniquet

1 minute

24
Q

Needle
___ – gauge and bore are ____ related
____ – standard for routine venipuncture.

A

Size; inversely

21 gauge

25
Evacuated Tube System | 3
Multisample needle Tube holder (barrel/adapter) Evacuated tubes
26
Needle and Syringe | 3
Syringe needles Syringe Transfer device
27
Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly) | 2
Luer fitting - for syringe | Luer adapter - for ETS
28
Used to collect blood from people with small, fragile veins, such as the elderly and children Provides greater control with non-stable patients.
Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly)
29
Tube additives | 4
Anticoagulant Antiglycolytic Agents Clot Activators Thixotropic gel
30
Anticoagulant
Light Blue (citrate) Green (heparin) Lavender (EDTA)
31
Antiglycolytic Agents
Gray (sodium fluoride)
32
Clot Activators
Red (silica) | Orange (thrombin)
33
Thixotropic gel
``` Gold (serum) Light Green (plasma) ```
34
Reduce the risk of specimen contamination by microorganisms and additive carry-over.
Order of Draw
35
Order of Draw & Tube Stopper Color | 6
Yellow SPS 1. Blood culture tubes Light blue 2. Coagulation tubes Red 3. Glass non additive tube Red 4. Plastic clot activator tube - Serum Separator tubes (SST) - Gold Plastic / Red-gray rubber Light green / Green-gray rubber 5. Plasma separator tubes (PST) - Heparin tubes - Green 6. EDTA tubes - Lavander / Pink - Plasma preparation tubes - Pearl Top - Oxalate/fluoride tubes - Gray
36
Yellow SPS
Additive: Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) Department: Microbiology (Blood Culture)
37
Light Blue
Additive: Sodium Citrate Department: Hematology (Coagulation - PT, PTT, APTT)
38
Red / Red Rubber
Glass Nonadditive tube | Department: Chemistry, Blood Bank and Serology
39
Red
Additive: Clot activator tubes Department: Chemistry
40
Red and Gray Rubber
Additive: Serum Separator Tubes Department: Chemistry
41
Gold Plastic
Additive: Serum Separator Tubes Department: Chemistry
42
Light Green (Plasma barrier tubes)
Additive: Lithium heparin or Sodium heparin with Gel Separator Department: Chemistry
43
Green
Additive: Lithium heparin or Sodium heparin Department: Chemistry
44
Lavender
Additive: EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacitic Acid) Department: Hematology (CBC)
45
Gray
Additive: Sodium fluoride (with potassium oxalate) Department: Chemistry (Blood glucose and alcohol)
46
Orange
Additive: Thrombin Department: Chemistry
47
Yellow
Additive: ACD (maintain RBC’s viability) Department: Blood Bank
48
Which tube system is the most widely used for blood collection?
Evacuated tube system
49
A lavender-topped tube is primarily used for what types of studies?
Hematology studies (CBC and differential)
50
Which color tube is used for glucose analysis and blood alcohol levels?
Gray-topped tubes
51
At what angle should the needle be inserted in performing a venipuncture?
15o to 30o angle
52
Cleaning the site with an antiseptic ___
(70% isopropyl alcohol)
53
``` Challenges - Arthritis Coagulation problems Hearing Loss Skin ad veins are less elastic Alzheimers, cataracts, Parkinsons and stroke ```
Geriatric Venipuncture
54
Vascular Access Devices | 3
Heparin or saline lock Intravenous line Central vascular access device (CVAD)
55
Vascular Access Devices | 2
Arterial Line | Arteriovenous (AV) shunt or fistula
56
Capillary Order of Draw | 3
EDTA specimens Other additive specimen Serum
57
Where should the needle and adapter be discarded after a venipuncture procedure?
Biohazard container

CC1 LEC (10 decks)

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