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CC1 LEC > Specimen Consideration > Flashcards

Specimen Consideration Flashcards

1
Q

Phlebotomy

A

The process of collecting blood “to cut a vein”

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2
Q

Two main phlebotomy procedures:

A

Venipuncture

Capillary puncture

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3
Q

Public Relations & Client Interaction

A

Professionalism
-Appearance, Attitude, Communication skills, Bedside Manner

Patient Consent (implied consent)

Legal Issues

Infection Control (PPE, hand hygiene, isolation)

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4
Q

Arteries and veins are comprised of three layers of tissue:

A

Tunica intima
Innermost, smooth layer

Tunica media
Middle, thickest layer

Tunica adventitia
Outer covering

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5
Q

____ comprise only one layer of tissue.

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Has a larger concentration of oxygen than carbon dioxide

Pumped by the heart to the body cells

Bright red

A

Arterial Blood

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7
Q

Has a larger concentration of carbon dioxide

Pumped by the heart to the lungs

A

Venous Blood

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8
Q

Elastic, muscular and thick walled

Arterial blood is bright red (oxygenated blood)

A

Arteries

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9
Q

Thinner walls

Venous blood is dark red (deoxygenated blood)

A

Veins

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10
Q

Smallest blood vessels.

One cell thick to allow for gas and nutrient exchange.

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

The most commonly used veins for venipuncture are located in the

A

antecubital fossa.

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12
Q

Which vein is best for venipuncture?

A

Median cubital vein
Cephalic vein
Basilic vein

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13
Q

Hand Veins

A

Dorsal venous arch

Metacarpal plexus

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14
Q

When the antecubital veins are not accessible, the ___ may be used for venipuncture.

A

hand veins

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15
Q

_____ are smaller and less anchored.

This can be very painful for the patient.

A

Hand veins

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16
Q

III. Types of Blood Specimens

A

Whole blood
Plasma
Serum

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17
Q

Whole blood
Contains the ___ portion of the blood (____) and the ____ _____

A

Liquid; plasma; cellular components 45% of TBV

  • Arterial
  • Venous
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18
Q

Oxygenated blood with bright red color

A

Arterial

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19
Q

Deoxygenated blood with a dark red color

A

Venous

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20
Q

PLASMA %
The liquid portion of an ____ or ______ blood
Contains _____

A

55%
unclotted/anticoagulated
fibrinogen

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21
Q

The liquid portion of clotted blood

Plasma minus the fibrinogen

A

Serum

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22
Q

Venipuncture Equipment

Three (3) Basic Methods

A

Evacuated Tube System
Needle and Syringe
Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly)

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23
Q

made of pliable rubber or a strip with Velcro
Used to locate the patients veins

applied to a patient’s arm during venipuncture.
must not be left on longer than _

A

Tourniquet

1 minute

24
Q

Needle
___ – gauge and bore are ____ related
____ – standard for routine venipuncture.

A

Size; inversely

21 gauge

25
Q

Evacuated Tube System

3

A

Multisample needle
Tube holder (barrel/adapter)
Evacuated tubes

26
Q

Needle and Syringe

3

A

Syringe needles
Syringe
Transfer device

27
Q

Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly)

2

A

Luer fitting - for syringe

Luer adapter - for ETS

28
Q

Used to collect blood from people with small, fragile veins, such as the elderly and children

Provides greater control with non-stable patients.

A

Winged Infusion Set (Butterfly)

29
Q

Tube additives

4

A

Anticoagulant
Antiglycolytic Agents
Clot Activators
Thixotropic gel

30
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Light Blue (citrate)
Green (heparin)
Lavender (EDTA)

31
Q

Antiglycolytic Agents

A

Gray (sodium fluoride)

32
Q

Clot Activators

A

Red (silica)

Orange (thrombin)

33
Q

Thixotropic gel

A 
Gold (serum)
Light Green (plasma)
34
Q

Reduce the risk of specimen contamination by microorganisms and additive carry-over.

A

Order of Draw

35
Q

Order of Draw & Tube Stopper Color

6

A

Yellow SPS
1. Blood culture tubes

Light blue
2. Coagulation tubes

Red
3. Glass non additive tube

Red
4. Plastic clot activator tube -
Serum Separator tubes (SST) - Gold Plastic / Red-gray rubber

Light green / Green-gray rubber
5. Plasma separator tubes (PST) -
Heparin tubes - Green

  1. EDTA tubes - Lavander / Pink
    • Plasma preparation tubes - Pearl Top
    • Oxalate/fluoride tubes - Gray
36
Q

Yellow SPS

A

Additive: Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)
Department: Microbiology (Blood Culture)

37
Q

Light Blue

A

Additive: Sodium Citrate
Department: Hematology (Coagulation - PT, PTT, APTT)

38
Q

Red / Red Rubber

A

Glass Nonadditive tube

Department: Chemistry, Blood Bank and Serology

39
Q

Red

A

Additive: Clot activator tubes
Department: Chemistry

40
Q

Red and Gray Rubber

A

Additive: Serum Separator Tubes
Department: Chemistry

41
Q

Gold Plastic

A

Additive: Serum Separator Tubes
Department: Chemistry

42
Q

Light Green (Plasma barrier tubes)

A

Additive: Lithium heparin or Sodium heparin with Gel Separator
Department: Chemistry

43
Q

Green

A

Additive: Lithium heparin or Sodium heparin
Department: Chemistry

44
Q

Lavender

A

Additive: EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacitic Acid)
Department: Hematology (CBC)

45
Q

Gray

A

Additive: Sodium fluoride (with potassium oxalate)
Department: Chemistry (Blood glucose and alcohol)

46
Q

Orange

A

Additive: Thrombin
Department: Chemistry

47
Q

Yellow

A

Additive: ACD (maintain RBC’s viability)
Department: Blood Bank

48
Q

Which tube system is the most widely used for blood collection?

A

Evacuated tube system

49
Q

A lavender-topped tube is primarily used for what types of studies?

A

Hematology studies (CBC and differential)

50
Q

Which color tube is used for glucose analysis and blood alcohol levels?

A

Gray-topped tubes

51
Q

At what angle should the needle be inserted in performing a venipuncture?

A

15o to 30o angle

52
Q

Cleaning the site with an antiseptic ___

A

(70% isopropyl alcohol)

53
Q 
Challenges
-
Arthritis
Coagulation problems
Hearing Loss
Skin ad veins are less elastic
Alzheimers, cataracts, Parkinsons and stroke
A

Geriatric Venipuncture

54
Q

Vascular Access Devices

3

A

Heparin or saline lock
Intravenous line
Central vascular access device (CVAD)

55
Q

Vascular Access Devices

2

A

Arterial Line

Arteriovenous (AV) shunt or fistula

56
Q

Capillary Order of Draw

3

A

EDTA specimens
Other additive specimen
Serum

57
Q

Where should the needle and adapter be discarded after a venipuncture procedure?

A

Biohazard container

CC1 LEC (10 decks)

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