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specimen collection and processing Flashcards

1
Q

The first step in the workflow of bacteriology

A

Specimen collection

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2
Q

specimen collection and transportation are ________ because the results generated by the laboratory are limited by the quality and condition of the specimen upon arrival in the laboratory

A

Critical consideration

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3
Q

These are the two (2) critical considerations in the specimen collection and processing

A
  • Specimen collection
  • Transportation
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4
Q

When should we schedule the collection of the specimen?

A
  • Acute phase of an illness (early stage)
  • Before antimicrobials, antifungals, or antiviral medications are administered
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5
Q

____ generally are poor specimens if tissue or needle aspirates can be obtained

A

Swabs

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6
Q

Specimen should be transported within ____ of collection

A

2 hours

must be less than 2 hours of collecting the specimen

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7
Q

These are done when the specimen is delayed within 2 hours of collection

A
  • Refrigeration
  • Preservatives
  • Transport medium

to ensure organism viability

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8
Q

It should be leak-proof, and the specimens should be transported within sealable, leak-proof plastic bags with a separate section for paperwork; resealable bags or bags with a permanent seal are common for this purpose

A

Specimen containers

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9
Q

Specimen containers should be leak-proof, and the specimens should be transported within sealable ________ with a separate section for paperwork; resealable bags or bags with a permanent seal are common for this purpose

A

Leak-proof plastic bags

must be sealable

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10
Q

Bags for specimen transportation should be marked with this label

A

Biohazard label

indicating the presence of biological hazard

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11
Q

Enumerate the different transport media used in specimen collection and processing

A
  • Amies transport media
  • Amies transport media with charcoal
  • Anerobic transport media
  • Cary-Blair transport media
  • Formalin (5%-10%), PVA , SAF, Total-Fix, Eco-Fix
  • Stuart’s transport media
  • Universal transport media
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12
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

A

Amies transport media

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13
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; charcoal neutralized bacterial toxins and other inhibitory substances, maintains pH

A

Amies transport media with charcoal

used in fastidious organism

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14
Q

Transport media:

Used for the numerous commercial systems available; recovery of anaerobes, and microaerobic bacteria

A

Anaerobic transport media

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15
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of enteric pathogens

A

Cary-Blair transport media

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16
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of gastrointestinal parasites; some may be acceptable for immunoassays

A
  • 5%-10% Formalin
  • PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)
  • SAF (sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin)
  • Total-Fix
  • Eco-Fix
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17
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of bacteria

A

Stuart’s transport media

general transport media

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18
Q

Transport media:

Used for the recovery of chlamydia, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas and viruses

A

Universal transport media

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19
Q

Enumerate the four (4) preservatives used for specific specimens

A
  • Boric acid
  • Polyvinyl alcohol and Buffered formalin
  • Transport or holding media
  • Anticoagulant
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20
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the appropriate colony counts of the urine

A

Boric acid

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21
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It is used for stool for ova and parasite (O&P) examination

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Buffered formalin

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22
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the integrity of trophozoites and cysts

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Buffered formalin

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23
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintain the viability of microorganisms present in a specimen without supporting the growth of the organisms

A

Transport or holding media

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24
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It maintains the organisms in a state of suspended animation so that no organism overgrows another or dies out

A

Transport or holding media

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25
Q

It is added to absorb fatty acids present in the specimen that could result in pH changes in the media and the killing of fastidious organisms

A

Charcoal

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26
Q

Specimen preservatives:

It is used for blood and body fluids to prevent clotting of specimens

A

Anticoagulant

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27
Q

Specimen preservatives:

Enumerate the two (2) examples of anticoagulant used in bacteriology for specimen preservation

A
  • 0.025% Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
  • Heparin
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28
Q

Specimen preservatives:

A type of vacutainer used in bacteriology for blood culture collection systems

A

0.025% Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

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29
Q

Manufacturer of the “yellow top” anticoagulant

A

Becton, Dickinson and company (BD)

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30
Q

Specimen preservatives:

An anticoagulant used for viral cultures, although it inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria and yeast

A

Heparin

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31
Q

These are the types of anticoagulant that is not used for microbiology

A
  • Citrate
  • Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
  • ACD (used in hematology not in bacteriology)
  • other anticoagulants
32
Q

Specimen storage:

Refrigerator temperature

33
Q

Specimen storage:

Urine, stool, viral specimens, sputa, swabs (not for anaerobes) and foreign devices

A

Refrigerator temperature

34
Q

Specimen storage:

Time required for storing specimen in a refrigerator temperature

A

24 hours ONLY

35
Q

Specimen storage:

Ambient/room temperature

36
Q

Specimen storage:

Sterile body fluids, genital specimens, and ear and eye swabs (anaerobic bacteria)

A

Ambient/room temperature

37
Q

Specimen storage:

Body temperature

38
Q

Specimen storage:

CSF

A

Body temperature

39
Q

Specimen storage:

Time required for storing specimen in a body temperature

A

6 hours ONLY

40
Q

Specimen storage:

Serum for serologic studies and tissues or specimens for long-term storage

A

Freezer temperature

41
Q

Specimen storage:

The temperature required for serum for serologic studies

A

-20°C

stored for 1 week or 7 days

42
Q

Specimen storage:

The temperature required for tissues or specimens for long-term storage

43
Q

What do individuals like MedTech put in the collected sample in specimen collection?

(as a collector)

A

Initials of the collector’s name

44
Q

An order form that is sent to the laboratory along with a specimen

A

Specimen/ test requisition

45
Q

T OR F:

In specimen labeling, the test requisition should match with the specimen label when it is received in the laboratory

46
Q

A hard (paper) copy of the physician’s orders and the patient’s demographic information

A

Specimen/ test requisition

47
Q

Why do specimen/ test requisition contain as much information as possible regarding the patient history and diagnosis?

A

This is to help the microbiologist work up the specimen and determine which organisms are significant in the culture

48
Q

Enumerate the complete patient’s information included in the specimen/ test requisition

A
  • Patient’s name
  • Hospital identification number
  • Age and date of birth
  • Sex
  • Collection date and time
  • Ordering physician
  • Exact nature and source of the specimen
  • Diagnosis (may be ICD-10-CM code)
  • Current antimicrobial therapy
49
Q

Specimen priority level:

Critical because they represent a potentially life-threatening illness from an invasive source

50
Q

Specimen priority level:

Unprotected and may quickly degrade or have overgrowth of contaminating flora

51
Q

Specimen priority level:

Require quantitation

52
Q

Specimen priority level:

In holding or transport media

53
Q

Specimen priority level:

It may be delayed to process more critical specimens first

54
Q

Specimen priority level:

Amniotic fluid

A

Level 1

Critical/Invasive

55
Q

Specimen priority level:

Bone

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

56
Q

Specimen priority level:

Body fluids (not listed in level 1)

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

57
Q

Specimen priority level:

Catheter tip

A

Level 3

Quantitation required

58
Q

Specimen priority level:

Brain

A

Level 1

Critical/Invasive

59
Q

Specimen priority level:

Tissue for quantitation

A

Level 3

Qantitation required

60
Q

Specimen priority level:

Drainage from wounds

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

61
Q

Specimen priority level:

Swabs in holding medium (aerobic and anaerobic)

A

Level 4

Preserved

62
Q

Specimen priority level:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Level 1

Critical/Invasive

63
Q

Specimen priority level:

Feces in preservative

A

Level 4

Preserved

64
Q

Specimen priority level:

Tissue

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

65
Q

Specimen priority level:

Blood

A

Level 1

Cricial/Invasive

66
Q

Specimen priority level:

Pericardial fluid

A

Level 1

Critical/Invasive

67
Q

Specimen priority level:

Heart Valves

A

Level 1

Critical/Invasive

68
Q

Specimen priority level:

Urine

A

Level 3

Quantitation required

69
Q

Specimen priority level:

Feces

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

70
Q

Specimen priority level:

Urine in preservatives

A

Level 4

Preserved

71
Q

Specimen priority level:

Sputum

A

Level 2

Unpreserved

72
Q

It is done for gross appearance of the specimen

A

Gross examination

73
Q

It allows the processor to determine the adequacy of the specimen and the need for special processing

A

Gross examination

74
Q

These are considered in the gross appearance of the specimens in the gross examination

A
  • Swab or aspirate
  • Stool consistency (formed or liquid)
  • Blood or mucus present
  • Volume of specimen
  • Fluid is clear or cloudy
75
Q

What do we do in Direct Microscopic Examination (DME)?

A

Bacterial counting

Indication of infectious process

76
Q

These are the things done in Direct Microscopic Examination (DME)

A
  • Determine the quality of the specimen
  • Give indication of the infectious process involved
  • Routine culture workup can be guided by the results of the smear
  • Correlate the bacterial isolates with the types detected in the smear
  • Dictate the need for nonroutine or additional testing
77
Q

These specimens are not useful for Direct Microscopic Examination (DME)

A
  • Throat and nasopharyngeal specimens
  • Specimens from vagina, cervix, and anal crypts
  • Stool

these are heavily contaminated with normal flora

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