lab safety Flashcards
5 Laboratory safety risk
- biological hazard
- chemical hazard
- fire hazard
- electrical hazard
- radioactive hazard
This is to ensure safety in the clinical laboratory have been compiled by several agencies
Guidelines
4 agencies that establish different guidelines to ensure safety in the laboratory
- OSHA
- CDC
- CAP
- JC
Published the standards for bloodborne pathogens in the Federal Registry in 1991 and are updated periodically
OSHA
What does the acronym OSHA means?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What does the acronym CDC means?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
What does the acronym CAP means?
College of American Pathology
What does the acronym JC means?
Joint Commission
Five possible route of infection
- Airborne
- Ingestion
- Direct inoculation
- Mucous membrane contact
- Arthropod vectors
What is the possible route of infection when we do centrifugation of unstoppered tubes?
Airborne
What is the possible route of infection when heating cultures or specimens too rapidly?
Airborne
What is the possible route of infection when removing stoppers from tubes?
Airborne
What is the possible route of infection when leakage from a container that holds contaminated specimen?
Airborne
What is the possible route of infection when failure to wash hands or eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or pipetting with the mouth?
Ingestion
What is the possible route of infection when there are needle stick, broken glass, animal bites, or small scratches on the fingers?
Direct inoculation
What is the possible route of infection when there is a conjunctiva of the eye?
Mucous membrane contact
What is the possible route of infection for ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes?
Arthropod vectors
It is a person which develop program, orientation of laboratory employees, preparation of a laboratory safety manual, and the development and implementation of the exposure plan
Laboratory safety officer
This describes the risk of exposure to infectious agents for all job classification and explains exposure reduction methods
Exposure control plan
A plan made by the laboratory safety officer
Exposure control plan
These are the six components included in the exposure control plan which includes procedure and also for documentation
- Safety education
- Universal precautions and standard precautions
- Engineering controls
- Personal protective equipment
- Disposal of hazardous waste
- Postexposure procedures
This orient new employees and continuing education for current employees regarding laboratory safety policies
Safety education
This is where information about all safety that is documented is compiled
Safety Manual
This contain policy and procedures concerning fire prevention and control, electrical safety, radiation safety, biohazard control, chemical hazardous waste disposal, and internal and external disaster preparedness
Safety manual
This is posted or readily available to all individuals in the laboratory settings they are also periodically reviewed and revised as needed
Safety manual
Guidelines which is applicable to all specimens including blood and body fluids visible with blood
Universal precaution
Universal precaution are recommendation which is introduced by _____ that describe the handling of clinical specimen by healthcare personnel
CDC (in 1987)
When did CDC introduced universal precaution?
1987
These are introduced by CDC in 1987 where it’s recommendations describe the handling of chemical specimens by healthcare personnel
Universal precautions
This is only applied to all human blood and all other body fluids that contain visible blood
Universal precautions
This do not apply to feces, saliva except in the dental setting, sputum, sweat, tears, urine and vomitous unless they contain visible blood
Universal precautions
This is a set of preventive measures that is applied to all patients that are designed to reduce the risk of infection in the healthcare setting
Standard precautions
It considered all blood, tissue, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat) are considered potentially infectious
Standard precautions
Basic premise of standard precautions
Because the infectivity of any patient’s blood and body fluids cannot be known, all patients blood and body fluid specimens must be treated as if they are potentially infectious
Where do we dispose sharps like needles or glass slides?
Puncture resistance containers
Where do we dispose tube and barrel of syringes?
Puncture resistance box
This is needed to protect employees from the hazard wherein all laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety levels two (BSL 2) guidelines
Engineering control
How many categories are there according to CDC biosafety?
Four biosafety levels
What biosafety level is no known pathogenic potential for immunocompromised individuals?
Biosafety level 1
What biosafety level is Bacillus subtilis?
Biosafety level 1
It practices the level 1 plus laboratory coats, protective gloves, limited access, decontamination of all infectious waste, and biohazard warning signs
Biosafety level 2
What category includes the MOST COMMON organisms associated with laboratory acquired infections including HBV, HIV, Staphylococcus and enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella
Biosafety level 2
It has level two procedures plus special laboratory clothing and controlled access are recommended for handling clinical material which is suspected. And the air movement must be carefully controlled to contain the infectious materials
Biosafety level 3
What biosafety level is recommended for handling clinical materials suspected of containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella, Coccidiodes immitis and Rickettsia, and specific viruses such as arbovirus
Biosafety level 3
It practices level three plus entrance through a separate room in which street clothing is changed and replaced with laboratory clothing
Biosafety level 4
This level is primarily used in research facilities and includes a limited number of exotic viruses including filovirus and arenavirus
Biosafety level 4
This label should be identified and used for hazardous areas with biological hazard
Biohazard label
It identifies those areas of the laboratory where infectious specimens or cultures are stored or present
Engineering controls
Procedures that is known to create aerosol must be performed here
Biosafety cabinet (BSC)
They provide effective partial containment for procedures involving moderate and high risk microorganisms or BSL 2 and BSL 3 agents
BSC class 1 and 2
A filter wherein unsterilized room air enters and circulates within the cabinet and the exhaust air from the cabinet is filtered
HEPA filter
What does the acronym HEPA filter means?
High Efficiency Particulate Air filter
Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 2?
BSC class 1
Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 3?
BSC Class 2
Other term for BSC class 2
Type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet
It is also known as type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet
BSC class 2
It sterilized both the air entering and circulating within the cabinet and the exhaust air
BSC Class 2
It trap particulates and infectious agents but do not trap volatile chemicals or gases
HEPA filter
Two major types of BSC class 2 based on the inlet flow velocity and percentage of air filtered
- Type II-A BSC
- Type II-B BSC
It is self contained with 70% of the air recirculated
Type II-A BSC
It do not require to be vented and are acceptable for low to moderate risk agents
Type II-A BSC
Vented with 30% of the air exhausted from the cabinet and 70% the recirculated back into the room
Type II-B BSC
It provide the highest level of safety and all air entering and leaving the cabinet is sterilized with a HEPA filter
BSC Class III
It supply air is drawn through a HEPA filter while exhaust air is filtered through two (2) HEPA filters
BSC Class III
Its system is entirely closed and all infectious materials are handled with rubber gloves that are sealed to the cabinet
BSC Class III
It is required by OSHA wherein employees must be protected from hazard encountered during work
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Who required PPE for employees to be protected from hazards encountered during work?
OSHA
This THREE serves as a barrier protection to prevent skin and mucous membrane contamination
- Gloves
- Face masks and laboratory gown
- HEPA respirators
This is done before disposal
Decontaminated
How many leak proof plastic bags is needed for all contaminating materials for disposal?
2
It is a type of sterilization that uses saturated steam
Autoclave
Degree celsius for autoclaving
135 degrees celsius
Pounds per square inch of pressure for autoclaving
30 psi
How many minutes is done for autoclaving?
30 minutes
Biological indicator for autoclaving
Bacillus stearothermophilus spore
Living organisms are all killed including spores
Sterilization
Living organisms are all killed except spores
Disinfection
Give an example of a liquid decontaminants
- 70% ethanol
- 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite
70% ethanol and 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is an example of?
Liquid decontaminants
Liquid decontaminants is used in contact with a surface for a minimum of how many minutes?
10 minutes
Specimens or infectious materials shift to reference laboratories must be packaged according to the requirements of the __________________
Interstate shipment of etiologic agents
How many gallons can be stored in a properly designated safety cabinet per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?
60 gallons
How many gallons may be stored in safety cans?
25 gallons
How many gallons may be stored on open shelving per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?
10 gallons
It extinguish combustibles (solid wood or paper)
Water or carbon dioxide
It extinguishes flammable liquids
Dry chemical
All electrical receptacles must be inspected at least _______
Annually
Laboratory instruments and appliances should be checked for electrical hazard at least _______
once every 12 months
It outline the characteristics of hazardous compound chemicals
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
They must be available to all laboratory workers who are then responsible for following the safety measures given
MSDS
It dictates the required information for MSDS
OSHA
This is applied to the containers of all hazardous chemicals
Precautionary labels
It’s legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent
PEL
PEL can be expressed in _____ or ____
Parts per million (ppm) or in milligrams per cubic millimeter
What does the acronym PEL means?
Permissible exposure limit
It’s maximum limits that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical without danger to health
STEL
How many minutes that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical according to STEL?
15 minutes
What does the acronym STEL means?
Short-term exposure limit
Five categories of hazardous chemicals
1.Corrosive
2.Toxic
3.Carcinogenic
4. Ignitable
5. Explosive
It causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to human skin on contact
Corrosive
It has serious biological effects after inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with relatively small amounts
Toxic
Ability of chemical to induce a malignant tumor
Carcinogenic
Any chemical that can burn and includes both combustible and flammable liquids
Ignitable
Reactive and unstable substances that readily undergo violent chemical change
Explosive
T OR F
A saliva that is in the dental setting is applied in the universal precaution
True
T or F
BSC Class III is used for BSL 3 and 4
True
T or F
Decontaminated is done after disposal
False
It is done BEFORE disposal
T OR F
CDC is the agency that introduced Universal Precautions
True
T OR F
All laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety level one (BSL 1) guidelines
False
A minimum of BSL 2 guidelines
T OR F
Enteric pathogens like Salmonella and Shigella belongs to the BSL 3
False
They belong to the BSL 2
T OR F
BSL 4 is used in research facilities
True
T OR F
Contaminated spills first should be diluted with a detergent and then decontaminated after
True
T OR F
Eyewash stations must be located within 100 feet or 10 seconds of travel from any area in which hazardous chemicals are used
True