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lab safety Flashcards

1
Q

5 Laboratory safety risk

A
  1. biological hazard
  2. chemical hazard
  3. fire hazard
  4. electrical hazard
  5. radioactive hazard
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2
Q

This is to ensure safety in the clinical laboratory have been compiled by several agencies

A

Guidelines

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3
Q

4 agencies that establish different guidelines to ensure safety in the laboratory

A
  1. OSHA
  2. CDC
  3. CAP
  4. JC
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4
Q

Published the standards for bloodborne pathogens in the Federal Registry in 1991 and are updated periodically

A

OSHA

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5
Q

What does the acronym OSHA means?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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6
Q

What does the acronym CDC means?

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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7
Q

What does the acronym CAP means?

A

College of American Pathology

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8
Q

What does the acronym JC means?

A

Joint Commission

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9
Q

Five possible route of infection

A
  1. Airborne
  2. Ingestion
  3. Direct inoculation
  4. Mucous membrane contact
  5. Arthropod vectors
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10
Q

What is the possible route of infection when we do centrifugation of unstoppered tubes?

A

Airborne

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11
Q

What is the possible route of infection when heating cultures or specimens too rapidly?

A

Airborne

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12
Q

What is the possible route of infection when removing stoppers from tubes?

A

Airborne

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13
Q

What is the possible route of infection when leakage from a container that holds contaminated specimen?

A

Airborne

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14
Q

What is the possible route of infection when failure to wash hands or eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or pipetting with the mouth?

A

Ingestion

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15
Q

What is the possible route of infection when there are needle stick, broken glass, animal bites, or small scratches on the fingers?

A

Direct inoculation

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16
Q

What is the possible route of infection when there is a conjunctiva of the eye?

A

Mucous membrane contact

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17
Q

What is the possible route of infection for ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes?

A

Arthropod vectors

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18
Q

It is a person which develop program, orientation of laboratory employees, preparation of a laboratory safety manual, and the development and implementation of the exposure plan

A

Laboratory safety officer

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19
Q

This describes the risk of exposure to infectious agents for all job classification and explains exposure reduction methods

A

Exposure control plan

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20
Q

A plan made by the laboratory safety officer

A

Exposure control plan

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21
Q

These are the six components included in the exposure control plan which includes procedure and also for documentation

A
  1. Safety education
  2. Universal precautions and standard precautions
  3. Engineering controls
  4. Personal protective equipment
  5. Disposal of hazardous waste
  6. Postexposure procedures
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22
Q

This orient new employees and continuing education for current employees regarding laboratory safety policies

A

Safety education

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23
Q

This is where information about all safety that is documented is compiled

A

Safety Manual

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24
Q

This contain policy and procedures concerning fire prevention and control, electrical safety, radiation safety, biohazard control, chemical hazardous waste disposal, and internal and external disaster preparedness

A

Safety manual

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25
Q

This is posted or readily available to all individuals in the laboratory settings they are also periodically reviewed and revised as needed

A

Safety manual

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26
Q

Guidelines which is applicable to all specimens including blood and body fluids visible with blood

A

Universal precaution

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27
Q

Universal precaution are recommendation which is introduced by _____ that describe the handling of clinical specimen by healthcare personnel

A

CDC (in 1987)

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28
Q

When did CDC introduced universal precaution?

A

1987

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29
Q

These are introduced by CDC in 1987 where it’s recommendations describe the handling of chemical specimens by healthcare personnel

A

Universal precautions

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30
Q

This is only applied to all human blood and all other body fluids that contain visible blood

A

Universal precautions

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31
Q

This do not apply to feces, saliva except in the dental setting, sputum, sweat, tears, urine and vomitous unless they contain visible blood

A

Universal precautions

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32
Q

This is a set of preventive measures that is applied to all patients that are designed to reduce the risk of infection in the healthcare setting

A

Standard precautions

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33
Q

It considered all blood, tissue, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat) are considered potentially infectious

A

Standard precautions

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34
Q

Basic premise of standard precautions

A

Because the infectivity of any patient’s blood and body fluids cannot be known, all patients blood and body fluid specimens must be treated as if they are potentially infectious

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35
Q

Where do we dispose sharps like needles or glass slides?

A

Puncture resistance containers

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36
Q

Where do we dispose tube and barrel of syringes?

A

Puncture resistance box

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37
Q

This is needed to protect employees from the hazard wherein all laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety levels two (BSL 2) guidelines

A

Engineering control

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38
Q

How many categories are there according to CDC biosafety?

A

Four biosafety levels

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39
Q

What biosafety level is no known pathogenic potential for immunocompromised individuals?

A

Biosafety level 1

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40
Q

What biosafety level is Bacillus subtilis?

A

Biosafety level 1

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41
Q

It practices the level 1 plus laboratory coats, protective gloves, limited access, decontamination of all infectious waste, and biohazard warning signs

A

Biosafety level 2

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42
Q

What category includes the MOST COMMON organisms associated with laboratory acquired infections including HBV, HIV, Staphylococcus and enteric pathogens such as Salmonella and Shigella

A

Biosafety level 2

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43
Q

It has level two procedures plus special laboratory clothing and controlled access are recommended for handling clinical material which is suspected. And the air movement must be carefully controlled to contain the infectious materials

A

Biosafety level 3

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44
Q

What biosafety level is recommended for handling clinical materials suspected of containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella, Coccidiodes immitis and Rickettsia, and specific viruses such as arbovirus

A

Biosafety level 3

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45
Q

It practices level three plus entrance through a separate room in which street clothing is changed and replaced with laboratory clothing

A

Biosafety level 4

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46
Q

This level is primarily used in research facilities and includes a limited number of exotic viruses including filovirus and arenavirus

A

Biosafety level 4

47
Q

This label should be identified and used for hazardous areas with biological hazard

A

Biohazard label

48
Q

It identifies those areas of the laboratory where infectious specimens or cultures are stored or present

A

Engineering controls

49
Q

Procedures that is known to create aerosol must be performed here

A

Biosafety cabinet (BSC)

50
Q

They provide effective partial containment for procedures involving moderate and high risk microorganisms or BSL 2 and BSL 3 agents

A

BSC class 1 and 2

51
Q

A filter wherein unsterilized room air enters and circulates within the cabinet and the exhaust air from the cabinet is filtered

A

HEPA filter

52
Q

What does the acronym HEPA filter means?

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air filter

53
Q

Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 2?

A

BSC class 1

54
Q

Which biosafety cabinet class is for BSL 3?

A

BSC Class 2

55
Q

Other term for BSC class 2

A

Type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet

56
Q

It is also known as type 2 vertical laminar flow biological cabinet

A

BSC class 2

57
Q

It sterilized both the air entering and circulating within the cabinet and the exhaust air

A

BSC Class 2

58
Q

It trap particulates and infectious agents but do not trap volatile chemicals or gases

A

HEPA filter

59
Q

Two major types of BSC class 2 based on the inlet flow velocity and percentage of air filtered

A
  1. Type II-A BSC
  2. Type II-B BSC
60
Q

It is self contained with 70% of the air recirculated

A

Type II-A BSC

61
Q

It do not require to be vented and are acceptable for low to moderate risk agents

A

Type II-A BSC

62
Q

Vented with 30% of the air exhausted from the cabinet and 70% the recirculated back into the room

A

Type II-B BSC

63
Q

It provide the highest level of safety and all air entering and leaving the cabinet is sterilized with a HEPA filter

A

BSC Class III

64
Q

It supply air is drawn through a HEPA filter while exhaust air is filtered through two (2) HEPA filters

A

BSC Class III

65
Q

Its system is entirely closed and all infectious materials are handled with rubber gloves that are sealed to the cabinet

A

BSC Class III

66
Q

It is required by OSHA wherein employees must be protected from hazard encountered during work

A

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

67
Q

Who required PPE for employees to be protected from hazards encountered during work?

68
Q

This THREE serves as a barrier protection to prevent skin and mucous membrane contamination

A
  1. Gloves
  2. Face masks and laboratory gown
  3. HEPA respirators
69
Q

This is done before disposal

A

Decontaminated

70
Q

How many leak proof plastic bags is needed for all contaminating materials for disposal?

71
Q

It is a type of sterilization that uses saturated steam

72
Q

Degree celsius for autoclaving

A

135 degrees celsius

73
Q

Pounds per square inch of pressure for autoclaving

74
Q

How many minutes is done for autoclaving?

A

30 minutes

75
Q

Biological indicator for autoclaving

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus spore

76
Q

Living organisms are all killed including spores

A

Sterilization

77
Q

Living organisms are all killed except spores

A

Disinfection

78
Q

Give an example of a liquid decontaminants

A
  • 70% ethanol
  • 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite
79
Q

70% ethanol and 10% solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is an example of?

A

Liquid decontaminants

80
Q

Liquid decontaminants is used in contact with a surface for a minimum of how many minutes?

A

10 minutes

81
Q

Specimens or infectious materials shift to reference laboratories must be packaged according to the requirements of the __________________

A

Interstate shipment of etiologic agents

82
Q

How many gallons can be stored in a properly designated safety cabinet per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?

A

60 gallons

83
Q

How many gallons may be stored in safety cans?

A

25 gallons

84
Q

How many gallons may be stored on open shelving per 5,000 square feet of laboratory space?

A

10 gallons

85
Q

It extinguish combustibles (solid wood or paper)

A

Water or carbon dioxide

86
Q

It extinguishes flammable liquids

A

Dry chemical

87
Q

All electrical receptacles must be inspected at least _______

88
Q

Laboratory instruments and appliances should be checked for electrical hazard at least _______

A

once every 12 months

89
Q

It outline the characteristics of hazardous compound chemicals

A

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

90
Q

They must be available to all laboratory workers who are then responsible for following the safety measures given

91
Q

It dictates the required information for MSDS

92
Q

This is applied to the containers of all hazardous chemicals

A

Precautionary labels

93
Q

It’s legal limit for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent

94
Q

PEL can be expressed in _____ or ____

A

Parts per million (ppm) or in milligrams per cubic millimeter

95
Q

What does the acronym PEL means?

A

Permissible exposure limit

96
Q

It’s maximum limits that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical without danger to health

97
Q

How many minutes that a worker can be continuously exposed to a chemical according to STEL?

A

15 minutes

98
Q

What does the acronym STEL means?

A

Short-term exposure limit

99
Q

Five categories of hazardous chemicals

A

1.Corrosive
2.Toxic
3.Carcinogenic
4. Ignitable
5. Explosive

100
Q

It causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to human skin on contact

101
Q

It has serious biological effects after inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with relatively small amounts

102
Q

Ability of chemical to induce a malignant tumor

A

Carcinogenic

103
Q

Any chemical that can burn and includes both combustible and flammable liquids

104
Q

Reactive and unstable substances that readily undergo violent chemical change

105
Q

T OR F

A saliva that is in the dental setting is applied in the universal precaution

106
Q

T or F

BSC Class III is used for BSL 3 and 4

107
Q

T or F

Decontaminated is done after disposal

A

False

It is done BEFORE disposal

108
Q

T OR F

CDC is the agency that introduced Universal Precautions

109
Q

T OR F

All laboratories must adhere to a minimum of biosafety level one (BSL 1) guidelines

A

False

A minimum of BSL 2 guidelines

110
Q

T OR F

Enteric pathogens like Salmonella and Shigella belongs to the BSL 3

A

False

They belong to the BSL 2

111
Q

T OR F

BSL 4 is used in research facilities

112
Q

T OR F

Contaminated spills first should be diluted with a detergent and then decontaminated after

113
Q

T OR F

Eyewash stations must be located within 100 feet or 10 seconds of travel from any area in which hazardous chemicals are used

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