specific organelles Flashcards
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
network of intracellular membrane-bound tunnels
enclosed spaces within the endoplasmic reticulum
cisternae
two types of endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
smooth ER is due to
lack of ribosomes
functions of SER
- synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids
- metabolism of carbs
- detoxification of drugs, alcohol, and poisons
rough ER is due to
ribosomes
functions of RER
- receives newly synthesized proteins from ribosomes
- proteins will be secreted, inserted into plasma membrane, or included in a lysosome
- RER modifies proteins and packages them into transport vesicles
golgi apparatus
receive material from ER for modification, sorting, and packaging
lysosomes
- generated by golgi apparatus
- contain enzymes used to digest and remove waste
- releases lysosomal enzymes that digest cells
peroxisomes
- sacs formed by pinching off from RER
- smaller than lysosomes
mitochondria
- organelles with double membranes
- contains cristae
ribosomes
responsible for protein synthesis
free ribosomes
float in cytosol
fixed ribosomes
are attached to RER
cytoskeleton
proteins organized in the cytosol as solid filaments or hollow tubes
three cytoskeleton components
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
centrosome
- nonmembranous, spherical structure adjacent to nucleus
- contains a pair of centrioles at right angles to each other
centriole
attached to chromosomes during cell division causing chromosomal migration
cilia and flagella
projections from cell containing cytoplasm and microtubules capable of movement
cilia
hairlike structures that beat together to move past the structure of the cell
flagella
whip-like tails
microvilli
- fingerlike extensions
- increase surface area
- used to absorb nutrients
